Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 11, Number 11—November 2005
Research

Toscana Virus in Spain

Sara Sanbonmatsu-Gámez*1, Mercedes Pérez-Ruiz*1, Ximena Collao†, María Paz Sánchez-Seco†, Francisco Morillas-Márquez‡, Manuel de la Rosa-Fraile*, José María Navarro-Marí*, and Antonio Tenorio†
Author affiliations: *Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; †Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ‡Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic trees illustrating the relationship between representatives of different phleboviruses and the Spanish Toscana virus (TOSV) within the nucleotide (nt, L) and the deduced amino acid sequences (aa, L) of the L (partial) gene. GR40 and GR41 correspond to TOSV isolates obtained from sand flies. GR79 corresponds to a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction–positive pool of sandflies. STI1–STI11 were recovered from patients with aseptic meningitis diagnosed from 1988 to 2002 as de

Figure 2. Phylogenetic trees illustrating the relationship between representatives of different phleboviruses and the Spanish Toscana virus (TOSV) within the nucleotide (nt, L) and the deduced amino acid sequences (aa, L) of the L (partial) gene. GR40 and GR41 correspond to TOSV isolates obtained from sand flies. GR79 corresponds to a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction–positive pool of sandflies. STI1–STI11 were recovered from patients with aseptic meningitis diagnosed from 1988 to 2002 as described in (17). Abbreviations and GenBank accession numbers are indicated in the text. Bootstrapping values >50 are indicated at the nodes.

Main Article

References
  1. West Nile virus. Division of vector-borne infectious diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005 [cited 2005 Feb 3]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile
  2. Hubálek  Z, Halouzka  J. West Nile fever—a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:64350. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Mailles  A, Dellamonica  P, Zeller  H, Durand  JP, Zientara  S, Goffette  R, Human and equine West Nile virus infections in France, August–September 2003. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2003; 7 [cited 2005 Mar 22]. Available from http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2003/031023.asp
  4. Connell  J, McKeown  P, Garvey  P, Cotter  S, Conway  A, O'Flanagan  D, Two linked cases of West Nile virus (WNV) acquired by Irish tourists in the Algarve, Portugal. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2004; 8 [cited 2005 Mar 22]. Available from http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2004/040805.asp
  5. Stefanoff  P, Eidson  M, Morse  DL, Ziellinski  A. Evaluation of tickborne encephalitis classification in Polland. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2005; 10 [cited 2005 Mar 22]. Available from http://www.eurosurveillance.org/em/v10n01/1001-225.asp
  6. Nicoletti  L, Ciufolini  MG, Verani  P. Sandfly fever viruses in Italy. Arch Virol Suppl. 1996;11:417.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Mendoza-Montero  J, Gámez-Rueda  MI, Navarro-Marí  JM, Rosa-Fraile  M, Oyonarte-Gómez  S. Infections due to sandfly fever virus serotype Toscana in Spain. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:4346. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Verani  P, Nicoletti  L, Ciufolini  MG. Antigenic and biological characterization of Toscana virus, a new Phlebotomus fever group virus isolated in Italy. Acta Virol. 1984;28:3947.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Ehrnst  A, Peters  CJ, Niklasson  B, Svedmyr  A, Holmgren  B. Neurovirulent Toscana virus (a sandfly fever virus) in Swedish man after a visit to Portugal. Lancet. 1985;1:12123. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Calisher  CH, Weinberg  A, Muth  DJ, Lazuick  JS. Toscana virus infection in United States citizen returning from Italy. Lancet. 1987;1:1656. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Nicoletti  L, Verani  P, Cacioli  S, Ciufolini  MG, Renzi  A, Bartolozzi  D, Central nervous system involvement during infection by Phlebovirus Toscana of residents in natural foci in central Italy (1977–1988). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991;45:42934.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Eitrem  R, Niklasson  B, Weiland  O. Sandfly fever among Swedish tourists. Scand J Infect Dis. 1991;23:4517. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Schwarz  TF, Jäger  S, Gilch  S, Pauli  C. Serosurvey and laboratory diagnosis of imported sandfly fever virus, serotype Toscana, infection in Germany. Epidemiol Infect. 1995;114:50110. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Valassina  M, Valentini  M, Pugliese  A, Valensin  PE, Cusi  MG. Serological survey of Toscana virus infections in a high-risk population in Italy. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003;10:4834.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Echevarría  JM, de Ory  F, Guisasola  ME, Sánchez-Seco  MP, Tenorio  A, Lozano  A, Acute meningitis due to Toscana virus infection among patients from the Spanish Mediterranean region and the region of Madrid. J Clin Virol. 2003;26:7984. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Hemmersbach-Miller  M, Parola  P, Charrel  RN, Durand  P, Brouqui  P. Sandfly fever due to Toscana virus: an emerging infection in southern France. Eur J Intern Med. 2004;15:3167. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Sánchez-Seco  MP, Echevarría  JM, Hernández  L, Estévez  D, Navarro-Marí  JM, Tenorio  A. Detection and identification of Toscana and other Phleboviruses by RT-nested-PCR assays with degenerated primers. J Med Virol. 2003;71:1409. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Verani  P, Lopes  MC, Nicoletti  L, Balducci  M. Studies on phlebotomus-transmitted viruses in Italy. Isolation and characterization of a sandfly fever Naples-like virus. In: Vesenjak-Hirjan J, Porterfield JS, Arslanagic E, editors. Arboviruses in the Mediterranean countries. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag; 1980. p. 195–201.
  19. Gil-Collado  J, Morillas-Márquez  F, Sanchis-Marín  MC. Los flebotomos en España. Rev Sanid Hig Publica. 1989;63:1534.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. 20. McNelly JR. The CDC trap as a special monitoring tool. Proceedings 76th meeting. NJ Mosquito Control Association, Inc. 1989:26–33. [cited 2005 Jan 12]. Available from http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~insects/cdctrap.htm
  21. Navarro  JM, Fernández-Roldán  C, Pérez-Ruiz  M, Sanbonmatsu  S, de la Rosa  M, Sánchez-Seco  MP. Meningitis by Toscana virus in Spain: clinical description of 17 cases. Med Clin (Barc). 2004;122:4202.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Kumar  K, Tamura  K, Nei  M. MEGA 3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform. 2004;5:15063. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Katholi  CR, Toe  L, Merriweather  A, Unnasch  TR. Determining the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in vector populations by polymerase chain reaction screening of pools of black flies. J Infect Dis. 1995;172:14147. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Eitrem  R, Stylianou  M, Niklasson  B. High prevalence rates of antibody to three sandfly fever viruses (Sicilian, Naples and Toscana) among Cypriots. Epidemiol Infect. 1991;107:68591. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Verani  P, Ciufolini  MG, Caciolli  S, Renzi  A, Nicoletti  L, Sabatinelli  G, Ecology of viruses isolated from sand flies in Italy and characterized of a new Phlebovirus (Arbia virus). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1988;38:4339.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Valassina  M, Cuppone  AM, Bianchi  S, Santini  L, Cusi  MG. Evidence of Toscana virus variants circulating in Tuscany, Italy, during the summers of 1995 to 1997. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36:21034.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Shoemaker  T, Boulianne  C, Vincent  MJ, Pezzanite  L, Al-Qahtani  MM, Al-Mazrou , Genetic analysis of viruses associated with emergence of Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, 2000–01. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;12:141520.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Mandl  CW. Steps of the tick-borne encephalitis virus replication cycle that affect neuropathogenesis. Virus Res. 2005;111:16174. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Pesson  B, Ready  JS, Benabdennbi  I, Martín Sánchez  J, Esseghir  S, Cadi-Soussi  M, Sandflies of the Phlebotomus perniciosus complex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species of P. longicuspis in the Moroccan Rif. Med Vet Entomol. 2004;18:2537. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Bakonyi  T, Hubálek  Z, Rudolf  I, Nowotny  N. Novel flavivirus or new lineage of West Nile virus, central Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:22531.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Peyrefitte  CN, Devetakov  I, Pastorino  B, Villeneuve  L, Bessaud  M, Stolidi  P, Toscana virus and acute meningitis, France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:77880.PubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1Contributed equally to this work.

Page created: February 17, 2012
Page updated: February 17, 2012
Page reviewed: February 17, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external