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Volume 11, Number 5—May 2005
THEME ISSUE
Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Dengue Fever, Hawaii, 2001–2002

Paul V. Effler*Comments to Author , Lorrin Pang*, Paul Kitsutani†, Vance Vorndam†, Michele Nakata*, Tracy Ayers*, Joe Elm*, Tammy Tom*, Paul Reiter†, José G. Rigau-Perez†, John M. Hayes†, Kristin Mills*, Mike Napier‡, Gary G. Clark†, Duane J. Gubler*, and for the Hawaii Dengue Outbreak Investigation Team
Author affiliations: *Hawaii State Department of Health, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; ‡Pacific Disaster Center, Kihei, Hawaii, USA

Main Article

Table 2

Clinical signs and symptoms of persons evaluated for dengue during the Hawaii outbreak, 2001–2002

Characteristic Dengue infection status
Positive, % (n/N) Negative, % (n/N) Indeterminate, % (n/N)
Female sex 43 (52/122) 52 (567/1,100) 45 (201/444)
Nonhemorrhagic manifestations
Fever* 95 (114/120) 91 (964/1,062) 91 (387/427)
Myalgia*† 92 (106/115) 80 (816/1,023) 73 (290/397)
Headache* 90 (104/116) 87 (881/1,014) 83 (330/399)
Chills*† 85 (100/117) 73 (727/993) 63 (240/381)
Arthralgia*† 76 (85/112) 62 (592/954) 53 (196/370)
Rash*† 68 (79/117) 36 (360/999) 30 (121/400)
Eye/retroorbital pain* 60 (68/114) 53 (489/931) 46 (164/359)
Nausea/vomiting 50 (59/119) 53 (524/995) 52 (207/400)
Diarrhea 33 (39/118) 34 (331/971) 31 (122/394)
Sore throat† 23 (27/117) 35 (337/957) 33 (125/378)
Nasal congestion† 22 (26/119) 35 (337/965) 29 (110/381)
Cough† 21 (25/118) 43 (415/975) 37 (146/392)
Jaundice 5 (5/108) 3 (26/898) 1 (5/359)
Hemorrhagic manifestations
Petechiae† 24 (28/118) 8 (73/928) 4 (15/378)
Heavy menses 12 (6/49) 6 (27/486) 3 (6/175)
Epistaxis 8 (9/113) 5 (43/944) 3 (12/382)
Bleeding gums 8 (9/117) 5 (47/947) 2 (9/381)
Melena 4 (4/111) 4 (33/914) 2 (6/380)
Hematuria 1 (1/111) 2 (22/930) 3 (11/375)
Hematemesis 1 (1/114) 1 (13/932) 1 (5/381)
Any hemorrhagic sign 34 (42/122) 20 (219/1,100) 13 (59/444)
General
Met DLI clinical case criteria† 89 (108/122) 78 (853/1,100) 70 (311/444)
Hospitalized† 2 (3/122) 12 (71/606) 9 (21/246)

*Nonhemorrhagic signs and symptoms included in the definition of denguelike illness (DLI) in this investigation.
†Denotes a significant difference in the proportion of respondents reporting the symptom between confirmed and negative or indeterminate infections.

Main Article

1The Hawaii Dengue Outbreak Investigation Team included the authors plus Karen Mark, Steven Hinten, Melanie Myers, Robert Ueki, Gail Kunimoto, David Sasaki, Kathleen Street, and Manuel Amador.

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