Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 12, Number 8—August 2006
Research

Streptococcus suis Sequence Type 7 Outbreak, Sichuan, China

Changyun Ye*†1, Xiaoping Zhu‡, Huaiqi Jing*1, Huamao Du*1, Mariela Segura§1, Han Zheng*1, Biao Kan*, Lili Wang*, Xuemei Bai*, Yongyun Zhou*, Zhigang Cui*, Shouying Zhang*, Dong Jin*, Na Sun*, Xia Luo*, Ji Zhang*, Zhaolong Gong*, Xin Wang*, Lei Wang*, Hui Sun*, Zhenjun Li*, Qiangzheng Sun*, Honglu Liu¶, Boqing Dong#, Changwen Ke#, Hui Yuan**, Hua Wang††, Kecheng Tian‡‡, Yu Wang†, Marcelo Gottschalk§, and Jianguo Xu*†Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China; †State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China; ‡Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; §Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ¶Guangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People's Republic of China; #Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; **Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, People's Republic of China; ††Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; ‡‡Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, People's Republic of China

Main Article

Figure 4

Figure 4. Unrooted Bayesian tree of the concatenated sequence of the 92 sequence types (STs) of Streptococcus suis. The tree was constructed by using MrBayes (version 3.1.1) according to the HKY85 model of DNA substitution with no rate variation across sites. Four Markov chains were run for a million generations, and the Markov chain is sampled every 100 generations (18). The sampled parameter values were summarized by discarding the first 2,000 samples as burn-in. On the basis of the last 9,000 samples taken from the posterior probability distribution, a 50% majority rule consensus tree was computed. The posterior probability given on each branch is a percentage of these trees supporting each node. The 6 lineages defined in this study are shadowed in light gray. The 6 major clonal complexes identified previously by King et al. (8) as well as in this study are shadowed in dark gray. The five STs containing isolates from human invasive disease are shown as red dots.

Main Article

References
  1. Baddeley  PG. Streptococcus suis infection. Occup Med (Lond). 1995;45:222. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Halaby  T, Hoitsma  E, Hupperts  R, Spanjaard  L, Luirink  M, Jacobs  J. Streptococcus suis meningitis, a poacher's risk. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000;19:9435. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Juncal  AR, Pardo  F, Rodriguez  I, Perez del Molino  ML. Meningitis by Streptococcus suis [article in Spanish]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 1997;15:1201.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Staats  JJ, Feder  I, Okwumabua  O, Chengappa  MM. Streptococcus suis: past and present. Vet Res Commun. 1997;21:381407. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Dupas  D, Vignon  M, Geraut  C. Streptococcus suis meningitis. A severe noncompensated occupational disease. J Occup Med. 1992;34:11025. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Gottschalk  M, Segura  M. The pathogenesis of the meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis: the unresolved questions. Vet Microbiol. 2000;76:25972. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Suankratay  C, Intalapaporn  P, Nunthapisud  P, Arunyingmongkol  K, Wilde  H. Streptococcus suis meningitis in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004;35:86876.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. King  SJ, Leigh  JA, Heath  PJ, Luque  I, Tarradas  C, Dowson  CG, Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for the pig pathogen Streptococcus suis: identification of virulent clones and potential capsular serotype exchange. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:367180. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Wisselink  HJ, Reek  FH, Vecht  U, Stockhofe-Zurwieden  N, Smits  MA, Smith  HE. Detection of virulent strains of Streptococcus suis type 2 and highly virulent strains of Streptococcus suis type 1 in tonsillar specimens of pigs by PCR. Vet Microbiol. 1999;67:14357. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Staats  JJ, Plattner  BL, Stewart  GC, Changappa  MM. Presence of the Streptococcus suis suilysin gene and expression of MRP and EF correlates with high virulence in Streptococcus suis type 2 isolates. Vet Microbiol. 1999;70:20111. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Berthelot-Herault  F, Morvan  H, Keribin  AM, Gottschalk  M, Kobisch  M. Production of muraminidase-released protein (MRP), extracellular factor (EF) and suilysin by field isolates of Streptococcus suis capsular types 2, 1/2, 9, 7 and 3 isolated from swine in France. Vet Res. 2000;31:4739. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Higgins  R, Gottschalk  M. An update on Streptococcus suis identification. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1990;2:24952. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Marois  C, Bougeard  S, Gottschalk  M, Kobisch  M. Multiplex PCR assay for detection of Streptococcus suis species and serotypes 2 and 1/2 in tonsils of live and dead pigs. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:316975. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Berthelot-Herault  F, Marois  C, Gottschalk  M, Kobisch  M. Genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs and humans as revealed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:6159. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Hunter  SB, Vauterin  P, Lambert-Fair  MA, van Duyne  MS, Kubota  K, Graves  L, Establishment of a universal size standard strain for use with the PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols: converting the national databases to the new size standard. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:104550. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Aanensen  DM, Spratt  BG. The multilocus sequence typing network: mlst.net. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33:W728–33. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Feil  EJ, Li  BC, Aanensen  DM, Hanage  WP, Spratt  BG. eBURST: inferring patterns of evolutionary descent among clusters of related bacterial genotypes from multilocus sequence typing data. J Bacteriol. 2004;186:151830. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Ronquist  F, Huelsenbeck  JP. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics. 2003;19:15724. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Vanier  G, Segura  M, Friedl  P, Lacouture  S, Gottschalk  M. Invasion of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells by Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Infect Immun. 2004;72:14419. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Vecht  U, Wisselink  HJ, Stockhofe-Zurwieden  N, Smith  HE. Characterization of virulence of the Streptococcus suis serotype 2 reference strain Henrichsen S 735 in newborn gnotobiotic pigs. Vet Microbiol. 1996;51:12536. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Zhu  F, Yang  H, Hu  X, Wang  H, Wang  G, Song  Y, Homogeneity study on the Streptococcus suis isolated from human and swine [article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2000;21:4279.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Yu  H, Jing  H, Chen  Z, Zheng  H, Zhu  X, Wang  H, Human Streptococcus suis outbreak, Sichuan, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:91420.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Vela  AI, Goyache  J, Tarradas  C, Luque  I, Mateos  A, Moreno  MA, Analysis of genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis clinical isolates from pigs in Spain by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:2498502. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Cooper  JE, Feil  EJ. Multilocus sequence typing–what is resolved? Trends Microbiol. 2004;12:3737. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Galina  L, Pijoan  C, Sitjar  M, Christianson  WT, Rossow  K, Collins  JE. Interaction between Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in specific pathogen-free piglets. Vet Rec. 1994;134:604. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Quessy  S, Dubreuil  JD, Caya  M, Higgins  R. Discrimination of virulent and avirulent Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 isolates from different geographical origins. Infect Immun. 1995;63:19759.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Michaud  S. Streptococcus suis meningitis: first case reported in Quebec. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 1996;7:32931.
  28. Trottier  S, Higgins  R, Brochu  G, Gottschalk  M. A case of human endocarditis due to Streptococcus suis in North America. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13:12512. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Gottschalk  M, Higgins  R, Jacques  M, Mittal  KR, Henrichsen  J. Description of 14 new capsular types of Streptococcus suis. J Clin Microbiol. 1989;27:26336.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Kay  R, Cheng  AF, Tse  CY. Streptococcus suis infection in Hong Kong. QJM. 1995;88:3947.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Martel  A, Decostere  A, Leener  ED, Marien  M, Graef  ED, Heyndrickx  M, Comparison and transferability of the erm (B) genes between human and farm animal streptococci 6. Microb Drug Resist. 2005;11:295302. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this study.

Page created: December 09, 2011
Page updated: December 09, 2011
Page reviewed: December 09, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external