Volume 12, Number 9—September 2006
Research
Risk Factors for Buruli Ulcer, Benin
Martine Debacker*, Françoise Portaels*, Julia Aguiar†, Christian Steunou†, Claude Zinsou†, Wayne Meyers‡, and Michèle Dramaix§
Table 4
Univariate analysis of risk factors for Buruli ulcer in persons >5 years of age, Centre Sanitaire et Nutritionnel Gbemoten, Zou, Benin*
| Variable | Cases (%) (n = 2,032) | Controls (%) (n = 1,220) | Crude OR | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | <0.001 | |||||
| 5–14 | 837 (41.2) | 97 (8.0) | 15.52 | 11.96–20.13 | ||
| 15–29 | 535 (26.3) | 414 (33.9) | 2.32 | 1.90–2.84 | ||
| 30–49 | 253 (12.5) | 455 (37.3) | 1 | |||
| >50 | 407 (20.0) | 254 (20.8) | 2.88 | 2.31–3.59 | ||
| Sex | <0.001 | |||||
| Female | 986 (49.2) | 675 (57.0) | 1 | |||
| Male | 1,017 (50.8) | 510 (43.0) | 1.36 | 1.18–1.57 | ||
| Mycobacterium bovis BCG scar | <0.001 | |||||
| Present | 969 (75.6) | 610 (55.7) | 1 | |||
| Absent | 313 (24.4) | 486 (44.3) | 0.41 | 0.34–0.48 | ||
| Region | <0.001 | |||||
| Zou | 1,110 (54.6) | 883 (72.4) | 1 | |||
| Oueme | 575 (28.3) | 298 (24.4) | 1.53 | 1.30–1.81 | ||
| Other | 347 (17.1) | 39 (3.2) | 7.08 | 5.02–9.97 | ||
| Water sources | <0.001 | |||||
| Protected (pump) | 296 (36.2) | 867 (74.5) | 1 | |||
| Unprotected (combined types) | 522 (63.8) | 297 (25.5) | 5.15 | 4.22–6.28 | ||
| River | 75 (9.2) | 47 (4.1) | 4.67 | 3.17–6.89 | ||
| Unprotected (mixed) | 137 (16.7) | 24 (2.1) | 16.72 | 10.63–26.31 | ||
| Swamp | 310 (37.9) | 226 (19.4) | 4.02 | 3.24–4.99 | ||
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
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