TY - JOUR AU - de la Campa, Adela G. AU - Ardanuy, Carmen AU - Balsalobre, Luz AU - Pérez-Trallero, Emilio AU - Marimón, Jose M. AU - Fenoll, Asunción AU - Liñares, Josefina T1 - Changes in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumonia after 7-Valent Conjugate Vaccination, Spain T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2009 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 905 SN - 1080-6059 AB - Among 4,215 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates obtained in Spain during 2006, 98 (2.3%) were ciprofloxacin resistant (3.6% from adults and 0.14% from children). In comparison with findings from a 2002 study, global resistance remained stable. Low-level resistance (30 isolates with MIC 4–8 μg/mL) was caused by a reserpine-sensitive efflux phenotype (n = 4) or single topoisomerase IV (parC [n = 24] or parE [n = 1]) changes. One isolate did not show reserpine-sensitive efflux or mutations. High-level resistance (68 isolates with MIC ≥16 μg/mL) was caused by changes in gyrase (gyrA) and parC or parE. New changes in parC (S80P) and gyrA (S81V, E85G) were shown to be involved in resistance by genetic transformation. Although 49 genotypes were observed, clones Spain9V-ST156 and Sweden15A-ST63 accounted for 34.7% of drug-resistant isolates. In comparison with findings from the 2002 study, clones Spain14-ST17, Spain23F-ST81, and ST8819F decreased and 4 new genotypes (ST9710A, ST57016, ST43322, and ST71733) appeared in 2006. KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - streptococci KW - DNA topoisomerases KW - fluoroquinolones KW - ciprofloxacin KW - antimicrobial resistance KW - MLST KW - PFGE KW - Spain KW - research DO - 10.3201/eid1506.080684 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/6/08-0684_article ER - End of Reference