Volume 18, Number 11—November 2012
Research
Livestock Density as Risk Factor for Livestock-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the Netherlands
, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Frank C. Curriero, Brigite A.G.L. van Cleef, Max E.O.C. Heck, and Jan A.J.W. Kluytmans
Table 1
Characteristics of population in study of LA-MRSA carriage, the Netherlands, 2003–2005*
| Characteristic |
MRSA status, no. (%) persons
|
Total no. (%) persons | p value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LA-MRSA | T-MRSA | |||
|
Total, N = 87
|
27
|
60
|
87
|
|
| Probable source | ||||
|
Health care setting |
3 (11.11) | 30 (50.00) | 33 (37.93) | |
|
Foreign |
2 (7.41) | 3 (5.00) | 5 (5.75) | |
|
Unknown |
13 (48.15) | 20 (33.33) | 33 (37.93) | |
|
Other |
9 (33.33)
|
7 (11.67)
|
16 (18.39)
|
0.001
|
| Contact with livestock and farms | ||||
|
With pigs |
10 (37.04) | 3 (5.00) | 13 (14.94) | 0.000 |
|
With cows |
7 (25.93)
|
1 (1.67)
|
8 (9.20)
|
0.001
|
| Residential location | ||||
|
Rural |
12 (44.44)
|
4 (6.67)
|
16 (18.39)
|
0.000
|
| Livestock density in municipality, animals/ hectare/ municipality | ||||
|
Pigs |
||||
|
Quartile 1, 0.000–0.004 |
0 | 16 (26.67) | 16 (18.39) | |
|
Quartile 2, 0.005–0.651 |
5 (18.52) | 15 (25.00) | 20 (22.99) | |
|
Quartile 3, 0.652–3.268 |
6 (22.22) | 12 (20.00) | 18 (20.69) | |
|
Quartile 4, 3.269–45.477 |
16 (59.26) | 17 (28.33) | 33 (37.93) | 0.003 |
|
Cows |
||||
|
Quartile 1, 0.00–0.340 |
3 (11.11) | 30 (50.00) | 33 (37.93) | |
|
Quartile 2, 0.341–0.848 |
8 (19.63) | 8 (13.33) | 16 (18.39) | |
|
Quartile 3, 0.849–1.496 |
3 (11.11) | 14 (23.33) | 17 (19.54) | |
|
Quartile 4, 1.497–5.920 |
13 (48.15) | 8 (13.33) | 21 (24.14) | 0.000 |
|
Veal calves |
||||
|
Quartile 1, 0.000–0.000 |
0 | 20 (33.33) | 20 (22.99) | |
|
Quartile 2, 0.001–0.013 |
4 (14.81) | 13 (21.67) | 17 (19.54) | |
|
Quartile 3, 0.014–0.178 |
10 (37.04) | 13 (21.67) | 23 (26.44) | |
|
Quartile 4, 0.179–4.818 |
13 (48.15)
|
14 (23.33)
|
27 (31.03)
|
0.000
|
| Population density | ||||
|
Quartile 1, 0.250–2.027 |
11 (40.74) | 6 (10.00) | 17 (19.54) | |
|
Quartile 2, 2.028–3.649 |
11 (40.74) | 11 (18.33) | 22 (25.29) | |
|
Quartile 3, 3.650–9.175 |
2 (7.41) | 18 (30.00) | 20 (22.99) | |
|
Quartile 4, 9.176–57.11 |
3 (11.11) | 25 (41.67) | 28 (32.18) | 0.000 |
*MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; LA-MRSA, livestock associated MRSA; T-MRSA, typeable MRSA.
†Fisher exact test for differences in MRSA status by covariate categories.