Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012
Research
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli from Humans and Food Animals, United States, 1950–2002
Daniel A. Tadesse, Shaohua Zhao, Emily Tong, Sherry Ayers, Aparna Singh, Mary J. Bartholomew, and Patrick F. McDermott
Table 4
Mann-Kendall and Sen estimates for trend statistics of antimicrobial drug resistance among Escherichia coli isolates of human and animal origin, United States, 1950–2002
| Drug | Source | Years of time series | No.* | Mann-Kendall trend test Z value | Sen’s slope estimate |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p value | Q† (95% CI) | |||||
| Ampicillin | Human | 1950–2001 | 52 | 4.91 | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.38–0.81) |
| Animal | 1962–2002 | 37 | 3.95 | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.60–1.33) | |
| Cephalothrin | Human | 1950–2001 | 52 | −2.38 | <0.05 | −0.20 (−0.34 to 0) |
| Animal | 1962–2002 | 37 | 2.52 | <0.05 | 0.43 (0.08–0.77) | |
| Sulfonamide | Human | 1950–2001 | 52 | 3.41 | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.23–0.73) |
| Animal | 1962–2002 | 37 | 3.24 | <0.01 | 1.11 (0.34–1.85) | |
| Streptomycin | Human | 1950–2001 | 52 | 1.16 | >0.1 | 0.15 (−0.10 to 0.39) |
| Animal | 1962–2002 | 37 | 2.24 | <0.05 | 0.90 (0.14–1.41) | |
| Tetracycline | Human | 1950–2001 | 52 | 3.84 | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.22–0.70) |
| Animal | 1962–2002 | 37 | 2.78 | <0.01 | 0.70 (0.21–1.21) | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | Animal | 1982–2002 | 21 | 2.64 | <0.01 | 1.17 (0.32–2.15) |
| Chloramphenicol | Animal | 1962–2002 | 37 | 2.75 | <0.01 | 0.30 (0–0.59) |
| Cefoxitin | Animal | 1982–2002 | 21 | 3.72 | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.28–1.38) |
| Gentamicin | Animal | 1978–2002 | 25 | 4.53 | <0.001 | 1.28 (0.90–1.69) |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | Animal | 1962–2002 | 37 | 3.09 | <0.01 | 0.14 (0–0.38) |
| Kanamycin | Animal | 1962–2002 | 7 | 4.38 | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.59–1.50) |
*Number of annual values for calculation of trend analysis.
†Magnitude of annual percentage increase or decrease.
Page created: April 12, 2012
Page updated: April 12, 2012
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