Volume 19, Number 10—October 2013
Letter
Clinical Profile of Children with Norovirus Disease in Rotavirus Vaccine Era
Table
Clinical profile and severity score of norovirus case-patients compared with acute gastroenteritis control patients and unvaccinated rotavirus case-patients, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2008–2010*
Severity score component | Severity score | Norovirus case-patients, n = 144 | Unvaccinated rotavirus case-patients, n = 69 | p value† | AGE control patients, n = 334 | p value† |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of diarrhea, d, no. (%) | 0.003 | 0.19 | ||||
0 | 0 | 32 (22) | 3 (4) | 82 (25) | ||
1–4 | 1 | 87 (60) | 55 (80) | 171 (51) | ||
5 | 2 | 13 (9) | 7 (10) | 33 (10) | ||
≥6 | 3 | 12 (8) | 4 (2) | 48 (14) | ||
Diarrhea episodes/24 h, no. (%) | 0.0003 | 0.24 | ||||
0 | 0 | 32 (22) | 3 (4) | 82 (25) | ||
1–3 | 1 | 47 (33) | 16 (23) | 79 (24) | ||
4–5 | 2 | 22 (15) | 14 (20) | 64 (19) | ||
≥6 | 3 | 43 (30) | 36 (52) | 23 (33) | ||
Duration of vomiting, h, no. (%) | 0.43 | 0.003 | ||||
0 | 0 | 7 (5) | 2 (3) | 54 (16) | ||
1–23 (1 d) | 1 | 28 (19) | 10 (14) | 64 (19) | ||
24–47 (2 d) | 2 | 33 (23) | 12 (17) | 74 (22) | ||
≥48 (≥3 d) | 3 | 76 (53) | 45 (65) | 142 (43) | ||
Vomiting episodes/24 h, no. (%) | 0.22 | <0.0001 | ||||
0 | 0 | 7 (5) | 2 (3) | 54 (16) | ||
1 | 1 | 11 (8) | 1 (1) | 52 (16) | ||
2–4 | 2 | 45 (31) | 20 (29) | 117 (35) | ||
≥5 | 3 | 81 (56) | 46 (67) | 111 (33) | ||
Fever, °F, no. (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
≤98.6 | 0 | 80 (56) | 15 (22) | 102 (31) | ||
98.7–101.1 | 1 | 29 (20) | 21 (30) | 55 (16) | ||
101.2–102 | 2 | 9 (6) | 18 (26) | 45 (13) | ||
≥102.1 | 3 | 26 (18) | 15 (22) | 132 (40) | ||
Signs, no. (%) | <0.0001 | 0.65 | ||||
Normal | 0 | 12 (8) | 2 (3) | 35 (10) | ||
Less playful/irritable | 1 | 63 (44) | 13 (19) | 158 (47) | ||
Lethargic/listless | 2 | 67 (47) | 54 (78) | 138 (41) | ||
Seizure | 3 | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | ||
Treatment, no. (%) | 0.02 | 0.16 | ||||
None | 0 | 50 (35) | 12 (17) | 135 (40) | ||
Rehydration, no hospitalization | 1 | 50 (35) | 26 (38) | 87 (26) | ||
Hospitalization | 2 | 44 (31) | 31 (45) | 112 (34) | ||
Severity score, median | NA | 11 | 13 | <0.0001 | 10 | 0.78 |
*AGE control patients with acute gastroenteritis (defined ≥3 more episodes of diarrhea or any episodes of vomiting within 24 h that lasted ≤10 d), but who were negative for norovirus and rotavirus. NA, not applicable.
†Severity scores were compared by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. All other components were compared by Fisher χ2 test. Significant findings are indicated in boldface.