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Volume 19, Number 12—December 2013
Dispatch

Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Family Members in the United States

Despina G. Contopoulos-IoannidisComments to Author , Yvonne Maldonado, and Jose G. Montoya
Author affiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA (D.G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Y. Maldonado, J.G. Montoya); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, California, USA (D.G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, J.G. Montoya)

Main Article

Table 1

Demographic and clinical information for persons in the 18 group 1 study families identified from data on acute toxoplasmosis cases collected during 1991–2010 by the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, California, USA*

IC patient no. Clinical information for IC No. additional household
members tested Infection status of additional household members Clinical information for additional household members Risk factors reported by ≥1 household member
IC-1 LN 2 Wife: acute infection Pregnant, first trimester Ate raw lamb
Daughter: no infection NA
(Baby girl: status not ascertained)
IC-2 8 wks pregnant 1 Husband: acute infection LN NR
(Fetus: AF PCR–)
IC-3 8 wks pregnant 1 Husband: acute infection Asymptomatic Contact with cat feces, eating undercooked meat, gardening
(Baby boy: could not R/O CT; no follow-up beyond 1 mo of age)
IC-4 27 wks pregnant 2 Husband: acute infection NA NR
Son: acute infection NA
(Fetus: AF PCR–)
IC-5 11 wks pregnant 1 Husband: acute infection NA None
(Fetus: AF PCR–)
IC-6 Infant with CT 2 (Mother: acute infection) NA NR
Father: acute infection NA
Brother: acute infection NA
IC-7 LN, fever, headache 3 Wife: acute infection LN Poor cleaning of cooking surfaces
Daughter 1: acute infection Posterior cervical LN
Household member: chronic infection NA
Son/daughter 2: not tested
IC-8 13 wks pregnant 1 Husband: acute infection NA Ate deer meat that had positive results for T. gondii by PCR
(Baby Boys A and B: status not ascertained)
IC-9 22 wks pregnant 1 Husband: acute infection NA NR
(Fetus: NA)
IC-10 Pregnant, third trimester 2 Daughter 1: Recent infection Asymptomatic Children played in uncovered sandbox
Daughter 2: acute infection Asymptomatic
(Baby girl A: asymptomatic; CSF PCR–, could not R/O CT;
baby girl-B: CT, macular scar, ascites, AF PCR+, CSF PCR+)
IC-11 Infant with CT† 2 (Mother: recent infection) NA NR
Father: recent infection NA
Sister: no infection NA
IC-12 LN, fever, hepatitis 3 Wife: acute infection LN Ate raw lamb
Household member 1: acute infection LN
Household member 2: acute infection NA
IC-13 21 wks pregnant 1 Husband: acute infection LN Ate venison tartare
(Fetus: CT, ascites, hydrocephalus; abortion)
IC-14 Infant with CT 1 (Mother: acute infection) NA Ate bear meat; ate deer meat that had positive results for T. gondii by PCR
Father: acute infection Fever, flu-like symptoms
IC-15 9 wks pregnant 1 Husband: acute infection NA None
(Baby boy: status not ascertained)
IC-16 Febrile illness (fibromyalgia)‡ 3 Daughter 1: Recent infection NA Ate deer meat that had positive results for T. gondii by PCR
Daughter 2: no infection NA
Grandson: no infection NA
IC-17 Eye disease 3 Son: acute infection NA NR
Daughter 1: acute infection Asymptomatic
Daughter 2: no infection NA
IC-18 LN 1 Wife: Recent infection NA NR

*Mother-infant pairs were counted as 1 unit/household member; infection status of these is shown in parenthesis. IC, index case-patient; LN, lymphadenopathy; NA, not available; NR, not reported; AF, amniotic fluid; R/O, rule out; CT, congenital toxoplasmosis; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.
†Infant with CT with hydrocephalus, high bilirubin, abnormal liver function tests, low platelets, and positive PCR results on CSF.
‡Female patient taking chronic corticosteroids; patient died.

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Page created: November 19, 2013
Page updated: November 19, 2013
Page reviewed: November 19, 2013
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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