TY - JOUR AU - Watts, Matthew AU - Chan, Renee C.F. AU - Cheong, Elaine Y.L. AU - Brammah, Susan AU - Clezy, Kate AU - Tong, Chiwai AU - Marriott, Deborah AU - Webb, Cameron AU - Chacko, Bobby AU - Tobias, Vivienne AU - Outhred, Alexander AU - Field, Andrew AU - Prowse, Michael AU - Bertouch, James AU - Stark, Damien AU - Reddel, Stephen T1 - Anncaliia algerae Microsporidial Myositis T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2014 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 185 SN - 1080-6059 AB - The insect microsporidian Anncaliia algerae was first described in 2004 as a cause of fatal myositis in an immunosuppressed person from Pennsylvania, USA. Two cases were subsequently reported, and we detail 2 additional cases, including the only nonfatal case. We reviewed all 5 case histories with respect to clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management and summarized organism life cycle and epidemiology. Before infection, all case-patients were using immunosuppressive medications for rheumatoid arthritis or solid-organ transplantation. Four of the 5 case-patients were from Australia. All diagnoses were confirmed by skeletal muscle biopsy; however, peripheral nerves and other tissues may be infected. The surviving patient received albendazole and had a reduction of immunosuppressive medications and measures to prevent complications. Although insects are the natural hosts for A. algerae, human contact with water contaminated by spores may be a mode of transmission. A. algerae has emerged as a cause of myositis, particularly in coastal Australia. Download MP3  Length: 1:30 KW - microporidia KW - insects KW - myositis KW - infection KW - arthritis rheumatoid KW - solid-organ transplantation KW - Anncaliia algerae KW - Australia DO - 10.3201/eid2002.131126 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/2/13-1126_article ER - End of Reference