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Volume 20, Number 8—August 2014
Research

Human Exposure to Live Poultry and Psychological and Behavioral Responses to Influenza A(H7N9), China

Liping Wang1, Benjamin J. Cowling1, Peng Wu1, Jianxing Yu1, Fu Li, Lingjia Zeng, Joseph T. Wu, Zhongjie Li, Gabriel M. Leung, and Hongjie YuComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (L. Wang, J. Yu, F. Li, L. Zeng, Z. Li, H. Yu); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (B.J. Cowling, P. Wu, J.T. Wu, G.M. Leung)

Main Article

Table 4

Risk perception related to influenza A(H7N9) and backyard poultry exposure among participants recruited for surveys in rural areas, by area, China, 2013*

Characteristic Dawa, n = 310 Zijin, n = 308 Nanzhang, n = 308 Pengxi, n = 301 p value
Mean STAI scores (95% CI)
1.52 (1.47–1.57)
1.85 (1.80–1.90)
1.66 (1.62–1.70)
1.54 (1.48–1.61)
<0.001†
Self-perceived susceptibility to influenza A(H7N9)‡ <0.001
Higher 2 (0.6) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 9 (3.0)
Even 29 (9.4) 41 (13.3) 21 (6.8) 31 (10.3)
Lower
279 (90.0)
266 (86.4)
286 (92.9)
261 (86.7)

Perceived susceptibility to influenza A(H7N9) compared with others§ <0.001
Higher 0 1 (0.3) 2 (0.6) 8 (2.7)
Even 10 (3.2) 25 (8.1) 3 (1.0) 36 (12.0)
Lower
300 (96.8)
282 (91.6)
303 (98.4)
257 (85.4)

Worry induced by ILI symptoms¶ <0.001
More 69 (22.3) 79 (25.6) 118 (38.4) 49 (16.3)
Same as usual 73 (23.5) 113 (36.7) 118 (38.4) 113 (37.5)
Less
168 (54.2)
116 (37.7)
71 (23.1)
139 (46.2)

Infection with influenza A(H7N9) in next week# <0.001
Worry 32 (10.3) 75 (24.4) 71 (23.1) 51 (16.9)
Think about it but no worry 51 (16.5) 42 (13.7) 20 (6.5) 33 (11.0)
Never think about it
227 (73.2)
190 (61.9)
217 (70.5)
217 (72.1)

Severity of influenza A(H7N9) compared with**
Seasonal influenza 201 (64.8) 181 (58.8) 224 (72.7) 182 (60.5) 0.001
Avian influenza A(H5N1) 105 (33.9) 112 (36.4) 67 (21.8) 92 (30.6) <0.001
SARS
51 (16.5)
63 (20.5)
30 (9.7)
44 (14.6)
0.003
Distance, km††
482
2448
351
665

Raising backyard poultry 141 (45.5) 135 (43.8) 166 (53.9) 168 (49.7) 0.067
Type of backyard poultry raised
Chicken 120 (38.7) 134 (43.5) 162 (52.6) 161 (53.5) <0.001
Ducks 49 (15.8) 45 (14.6) 20 (6.5) 65 (21.6) <0.001
Geese 34 (11.0) 17 (5.5) 2 (0.6) 43 (14.3) <0.001
Median no. live poultry raised 6 20 13 12 <0.001

*Values are no. (%) persons except as indicated. STAI, State Trait Anxiety Inventory; ILI, influenza-like illness; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome.
†Differences between groups were examined with the Kruskal Wallis Test (assuming nonhomogeneous variances).
‡Respondents who answered certain/very likely/likely to the question “How likely do you think it is that you will contract H7N9 avian flu over the next 1 month?” were categorized as “High”; those who answered never/very unlikely/unlikely were categorized as “Low.”
§Respondents who answered certain/much more /more to the question “What do you think is your chance of getting infected with H7N9 avian flu over the next 1 month compared to other people outside your family of a similar age?” were categorized as “High”; those who answered not at all/much less/less were categorized as “Low.”
¶Respondents who answered extremely concerned/concerned much more than normal/concerned more than normal to the question “If you were to develop ILI symptoms tomorrow, would you be…?” were categorized as “More”; those who answered not at all concerned/much less concerned than normal/ concerned less than normal were categorized as “Less.”
#Respondents who answered worried about it all the time/worried a lot/worried a bit to the question “Did you worry about H7N9 in the past week?“ were categorized as “Worry.”
**Respondents who answered much higher/a little higher regarding the severity of influenza A(H7N9) compared with seasonal influenza, avian influenza A(H5N1), and SARS.
††Distance between the survey location and the nearest area in which influenza A(H7N9) case(s) were reported.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: July 18, 2014
Page updated: July 18, 2014
Page reviewed: July 18, 2014
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