Volume 20, Number 9—September 2014
Research
Distance from Construction Site and Risk for Coccidioidomycosis, Arizona, USA
, Yu-Hui H. Chang, Yvette Ruiz, Stacy Duffy, Beth E. Heinrich, and Douglas F. Lake1
Table 2
Characteristics of participants, by cellular immunity conversion status at 1-year follow up, in a study of distance from a construction site as a risk factor for coccidioidomycosis, Arizona, USA, 2012–2013*
| Characteristic | Cellular immunity status† |
p value‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Negative, n = 199 | Positive, n = 11 | ||
| Sex | 0.65 | ||
| M | 27/199 (13.6) | 2/11 (18.2) | |
| F |
172/199 (86.4) |
9/11 (81.8) |
|
| Median age, y (range) |
50.0 (23.0–76.0) |
52.0 (26.0–71.0) |
0.88 |
| Race | 0.66 | ||
| White | 165/198 (83.3) | 11/11 (100) | |
| Hispanic | 14/198 (7.1) | 0 | |
| Other |
19/198 (9.6) |
0 |
|
| Work near a construction site |
87/192 (45.3) |
3/11 (27.3) |
0.35 |
| Live near a construction site |
23/198 (11.6) |
2/10 (20.0) |
0.34 |
| New home construction, remodeling, landscaping in home or neighborhood since enrollment§ |
40/198 (20.2) |
1/9 (11.1) |
0.69 |
| Regular weekly participation in outdoor activities¶ | . | ||
| Running | 26/199 (13.1) | 1/11 (9.1) | >0.99 |
| Hiking | 51/199 (25.6) | 3/11 (27.3) | >0.99 |
| Walking | 133/199 (66.8) | 10/11 (90.9) | 0.18 |
| Yard work |
64/199 (32.2) |
6 /11 (54.6) |
0.19 |
| Employment site | 0.06 | ||
| Campus A | 117/199 (58.8) | 3/11 (27.3) | |
| Campus B | 82/199 (41.2) | 8/11 (72.7) | |
*A CD69 lymphocyte-activation test was used to determine if the cellular immunity status of participants had converted from negative to positive.
†Values are no. with characteristic/no. total (%), except as noted for age.
‡For age, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used; for other variables, the Fisher exact test was used.
§Work that took place within the past year.
¶Other activities that were evaluated but that did not differ significantly between participants who did and did not convert from negative to positive cellular immunity status were jogging, gardening, landscaping, golfing, playing team sports, swimming, and biking.
1Preliminary findings from this study were presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Coccidioidomycosis Study Group, Pasadena, California, USA, April 6, 2013.