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Volume 21, Number 1—January 2015
Dispatch

Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses, United States, 2013–14

Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo, Alicia Fry, Su Su, Ha T. Nguyen, Anwar Abd Elal, Elizabeth Negron, Julie Hand, Rebecca J. Garten, John Barnes, Xu Xiyan, Julie M. Villanueva, Larisa GubarevaComments to Author , and 2013–14 US Influenza Antiviral Working Group
Author affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M. Okomo-Adhiambo, A.M. Fry, S. Su, H.T. Nguyen, A.A Elal, R.J. Garten, J. Barnes, X. Xiyan, J.M Villanueva, L.V. Gubareva); Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta (S. Su); Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta (H.T. Nguyen, A.A. Elal); Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA (E. Negron); Louisiana Office of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA (J. Hand)

Main Article

Table 2

Characteristics of patients infected with oseltamivir-resistant and -susceptible A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, United States, October 1, 2013–April 30, 2014*

Characteristic Patients with oseltamivir-resistant infections, n = 49† Patients with oseltamivir-susceptible infections, n = 93† p value OR (95% CI)
Median age, y (IQR) 25 (14–53) 24 (18–46) 0.86 NA
Male sex 22/49 (45) 37/92 (40) 0.59 1.21 (0.59–2.46)
White race 32/47 (68) 64/88 (73) 0.84 0.73 (0.37–1.89)
Exposure to oseltamivir before specimen collection 15/49 (31) 9/93 (10) 0.002 4.12 (1.65–10.31)
Outpatients 2/32 (6.3) 1/65 (1.5) 0.21 4.27 (0.37–48.9)
Hospitalized patients 13/17 (76) 8/27 (30) 0.003 7.72 (1.92–31.06)
Exposure to others in household receiving antiviral drugs before patient’s illness 5/33 (15) 4/62 (6) 0.16 2.64 (0.63–11.07)
Any underlying medical conditions 25/49 (51) 50/93 (54) 0.8 0.85 (0.39–1.86)
Chronic pulmonary disease 5/49 (10) 7/93 (8) 0.59 1.2 (0.28–5.07)
Chronic cardiac disease 6/49 (12) 10/93 (11) 0.79 1.38 (0.39–4.83)
Diabetes mellitus 6/49 (12) 8/93 (9) 0.49 1.82 (0.53–6.26)
Immunosuppressive conditions‡ 8/49 (16) 6/93 (7) 0.07 3.2 (0.1–10.3)
Other§ 9/49 (18) 23/93 (25) 0.39 0.66 (0.27–1.61)
Hospitalized during influenza illness 17/49 (35) 27/92 (29) 0.51 1.51 (0.67–3.43)
Patient died 7/47 (15) 6/93 (6) 0.1 2.8 (0.86–9.14)
Others in the household were ill before patient’s illness 12/32 (38) 21/65 (32) 0.61 1.2 (0.47–3.05)

*OR, odds ratio adjusted for age group; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
†Values are no./total (%) unless otherwise indicated.
‡Long history of steroids treatment, HIV/AIDS, solid organ transplant, lupus, solid tumor malignancy, hypothyroidism, leukemia, and pituitary condition.
§Morbid obesity, chronic liver disease, neurologic disorders, chronic kidney disease, seizure, epilepsy, and depression.

Main Article

1Members of the 2013–14 US Antiviral Working Group are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: December 19, 2014
Page updated: December 19, 2014
Page reviewed: December 19, 2014
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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