Evolutionary and Ecological Characterization of Mayaro Virus Strains Isolated during an Outbreak, Venezuela, 2010
Albert J. Auguste, Jonathan Liria, Naomi L. Forrester, Dileyvic Giambalvo, Maria Moncada, Kanya C. Long
1, Dulce Morón, Nuris de Manzione, Robert B. Tesh, Eric S. Halsey, Tadeusz J. Kochel, Rosa Hernandez, Juan-Carlos Navarro, and Nikos Vasilakis
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA (A.J. Auguste, N.L. Forrester, K.C. Long, R.B. Tesh, S.C. Weaver); Universidad de Carabobo, Naguanagua-Valencia, Venezuela (J. Liria); Ciudad Universitaria, Caracas, Venezuela (D. Giambalvo, M. Moncada, D. Morón, R. Hernandez); Centro de Investigaciones de Virosis Hemorrágicas y Enfermedades Transmisibles, Guanare, Portuguesa State, Venezuela (N. de Manzione); US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru (E.S. Halsey, T.J. Kochel); Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas (J.-C. Navarro)
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Table 4
Estimated dates of divergence derived from partial E2 and complete genome sequences for major Mayaro virus lineages, Venezuela, 2010*
Lineage |
Date for time of MRCA for partial E2–E1 sequences (95% HPD) |
Date for time of MRCA for complete genome sequences (95% HPD) |
Venezuelan outbreak strains |
2007 (2003–2009) |
2008 (2007–2009) |
Northeast Peruvian and Bolivian clade |
1952 (1935–1967) |
1966 (1940–1970) |
South/Central Peruvian clade |
1968 (1953–1980) |
1977 (1967–1987) |
Brazilian genotype D clade |
1864 (1822–1904) |
1872 (1836–1906) |
Brazilian genotype L clade |
1877 (1836–1915) |
1905 (1882–1926) |
Peruvian genotype N clade |
1750 (1657–1833) |
1746 (1658–1823) |
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