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Volume 21, Number 2—February 2015
Research

Microbiota That Affect Risk for Shigellosis in Children in Low-Income Countries

Brianna LindsayComments to Author , Joe Oundo, M. Anowar Hossain, Martin Antonio, Boubou Tamboura, Alan W. Walker, Joseph N. Paulson, Julian Parkhill, Richard Omore, Abu S.G. Faruque, Suman Kumar Das, Usman N. Ikumapayi, Mitchell Adeyemi, Doh Sanogo, Debasish Saha, Samba Sow, Tamer H. Farag, Dilruba Nasrin, Shan Li, Sandra Panchalingam, Myron M. Levine, Karen Kotloff, Laurence S. Magder, Laura Hungerford, Halvor Sommerfelt, Mihai Pop, James P. Nataro, and O. Colin Stine
Author affiliations: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (B. Lindsay, T.H. Farag, D. Nasrin, S. Li, S. Panchalingam, M.M. Levine, K. Kotloff, L.S. Magder, L. Hungerford, O.C. Stine); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute Research Station, Kisumu, Kenya (J. Oundo, R. Omore); International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Mirzapur, Bangladesh (M.A. Hossain, A.S.G. Faruque, S.K. Das); Medical Research Council, Basse, The Gambia (M. Antonio, U.N. Ikumapayi, M. Adeyemi, D. Saha); Centre pour le Developpement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako, Mali (B. Tamboura, D. Sanogo, S. Sow); Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK (A.W. Walker, J. Parkhill); University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA (J.N. Paulson, M. Pop); University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (S.K. Das); University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (H. Sommerfelt); Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen (H. Sommerfelt); University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA (J.P. Nataro)

Main Article

Table 1

Characteristics and pathogen abundance in children with cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhea and controls in low-income countries*

Characteristic Cases, n = 1,300 Controls, n = 1,735 p value Total, n = 3,035
Male sex
 727 (56)
 965 (56)
 0.8677
 1,692 (56)
Age, mo, mean (SD) 16.7 (12) 17.8 (12) 0.0073 17.39 (12)
0–5 156 (12) 177 (10) 0.1167 333 (11)
6–11 413 (32) 465 (27) 0.0028 878 (29)
12–23 431 (33) 617 (35) 0.1674 1,048 (35)
24–35 185 (14) 311 (18) 0.0064 496 (16)
36–59
 115 (9)
 165 (10)
 0.5318
 280 (9)
Country NA NA NA NA
The Gambia 356 (27) 408 (23) 0.0151 764 (25)
Mali 103 (8) 114 (7) 0.1524 217 (7)
Kenya 636 (49) 779 (45) 0.0279 1,415 (47)
Bangladesh
 205 (16)
 434 (25)
 <0.0001
 639 (21)
ipaH gene copies ≥14,000
 277 (22)
 127 (7)
 <0.0001
 404 (13)
Rotavirus 183 (14) 41 (2) <0.0001 224 (7)
Norovirus genogroups GI or GII 127 (10) 141 (8) 0.1146 268 (9)
Giardia lamblia 230 (18) 373 (22) 0.0093 603 (20)
Cryptosporidium spp. 142 (11) 87 (5) <0.0001 229 (7)
tEPEC 106 (8) 104 (6) 0.0203 210 (7)
EAEC 253 (19) 347 (20) 0.7124 600 (20)
ETEC 181 (14) 148 (8) <0.0001 329 (11)
Camplylobacter jejuni
 341 (26)
 264 (15)
 <0.0001
 605 (20)
Total pathogens, mean (SD) 1.4 (0.9) 0.9 (0.9) <0.0001 1.2 (0.9)

*Values are no. (%) children unless otherwise indicated. NA, not applicable; tEPEC, typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; EAEC, enteroaggregative E. coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli.

Main Article

Page created: January 20, 2015
Page updated: January 20, 2015
Page reviewed: January 20, 2015
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