TY - JOUR AU - Machalaba, Catherine AU - Elwood, Sarah AU - Forcella, Simona AU - Smith, Kristine AU - Hamilton, Keith AU - Jebara, Karim AU - Swayne, David AU - Webby, Richard AU - Mumford, Elizabeth AU - Mazet, Jonna A.K. AU - Gaidet, Nicolas AU - Daszak, Peter AU - Karesh, William T1 - Global Avian Influenza Surveillance in Wild Birds: A Strategy to Capture Viral Diversity T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2015 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 1080-6059 AB - Wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and spread of avian influenza viruses. However, surveillance for these viruses in wild birds is sporadic, geographically biased, and often limited to the last outbreak virus. To identify opportunities to optimize wild bird surveillance for understanding viral diversity, we reviewed responses to a World Organisation for Animal Health–administered survey, government reports to this organization, articles on Web of Knowledge, and the Influenza Research Database. At least 119 countries conducted avian influenza virus surveillance in wild birds during 2008–2013, but coordination and standardization was lacking among surveillance efforts, and most focused on limited subsets of influenza viruses. Given high financial and public health burdens of recent avian influenza outbreaks, we call for sustained, cost-effective investments in locations with high avian influenza diversity in wild birds and efforts to promote standardized sampling, testing, and reporting methods, including full-genome sequencing and sharing of isolates with the scientific community. KW - influenza KW - influenza virus KW - viruses KW - wild birds KW - global avian influenza surveillance KW - viral diversity KW - epidemiologic monitoring KW - molecular evolution KW - genetic variation KW - genomic library KW - animal diseases KW - zoonoses KW - genetic databases KW - disease reservoirs KW - One Health KW - Organisation for Animal Health KW - OIE DO - 10.3201/eid2104.141415 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/4/14-1415_article ER - End of Reference