Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016
Research
Randomized Controlled Trial of Hospital-Based Hygiene and Water Treatment Intervention (CHoBI7) to Reduce Cholera
Christine Marie George
, Shirajum Monira, David A. Sack, Mahamud-ur Rashid, K.M. Saif-Ur-Rahman, Toslim Mahmud, Zillur Rahman, Munshi Mustafiz, Sazzadul Islam Bhuyian, Peter J. Winch, Elli Leontsini, Jamie Perin, Farzana Begum, Fatema Zohura, Shwapon Biswas, Tahmina Parvin, Xiaotong Zhang, Danielle Jung, R. Bradley Sack, and Munirul Alam
, Shirajum Monira, David A. Sack, Mahamud-ur Rashid, K.M. Saif-Ur-Rahman, Toslim Mahmud, Zillur Rahman, Munshi Mustafiz, Sazzadul Islam Bhuyian, Peter J. Winch, Elli Leontsini, Jamie Perin, Farzana Begum, Fatema Zohura, Shwapon Biswas, Tahmina Parvin, Xiaotong Zhang, Danielle Jung, R. Bradley Sack, and Munirul Alam
Table 1
Demographic and environmental characteristics of households of patients with cholera, by study arm, Dhaka, Bangladesh, June 2013–November 2014*
| Characteristic | Control arm | Intervention arm | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. households | 83 | 82 | |
| No. enrolled household contacts, median ± SD (min–max) |
2 ± 0.9 (2–6), n = 220 |
2 ± 0.8 (2–5), n = 219 |
0.9 |
| Index patient | |||
| Female sex, no. (%) | 56 (67) | 52 (63) | 0.5 |
| Age, y, median ± SD (min–max) | 25 ± 17.6 (0.67–95) | 25 ± 15 (1–65) | 0.3 |
| <5, no. (%) | 5 (6) | 8 (10) | 0.6 |
| 5–14, no. (%) | 16 (19) | 17 (21) | |
| >14, no. (%) |
62 (75) |
57 (70) |
|
| Household contact‡ | |||
| Female sex, no. (%) | 135 (61) | 126 (58) | 0.3 |
| Age, y, median ± SD (min–max)‡ | 13 ± 15 (0.75–67), n = 220 | 13 ± 16 (0.58–75), n = 219 | 0.3 |
| <5 years, no. (%) | 36 (16) | 45 (21) | – |
| 5–14, no. (%) | 84 (38) | 68 (31) | 0.3 |
| >14, no. (%) |
103 (46) |
106 (48) |
0.4 |
| Television ownership, no. (%) | 42 (51) | 45 (55) | 0.5 |
| Electricity, no. (%) | 82 (99) | 82 (100) | 0.3 |
| Refrigerator ownership, no. (%) | 12 (14) | 9 (11) | 0.5 |
| A household member can read and write, no. (%) |
67 (81) |
72 (88) |
0.2 |
| Educational level of person responsible for primary drinking water collection, no. (%) | |||
| No formal education | 40 (48) | 40 (49) | 0.3 |
| Primary school | 31 (37) | 24 (29) | |
| Secondary school | 11 (13) | 17 (21) | |
| Higher secondary school | 0 | 0 | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 1 (1) | ||
| Master's degree |
0 |
1 (1) |
|
| Water source type, no. (%) | |||
| Groundwater | 45 (54) | 46 (46) | 0.3 |
| Piped water supply |
380 (46) |
34 (41) |
|
| Baseline presence, no. (%) | |||
| Any type of soap in latrine area of household | 13 (16) | 9 (11) | 0.3 |
| Any type of soap in cooking area of household | 10 (12) | 8 (10) | 0.6 |
| Vibrio cholerae in stored drinking water | 5 (6) | 9 (11) | 0.2 |
| V. cholerae in source water | 10 (12) | 12 (15) | 0.6 |
| Presence of V. cholerae in source water during study period | 22 (27) | 27 (33) | 0.4 |
*Unless otherwise specified, the denominator for the control are is 83 and for the intervention arm 82.
†χ2 test for categorical variables and 2-sample t test for continuous variables.
‡p values were calculated by using generalized estimating equations to account for the clustering of the data at the household level.
Page created: January 13, 2016
Page updated: January 13, 2016
Page reviewed: January 13, 2016
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.