TY - JOUR AU - Baker, Kate AU - Dallman, Timothy AU - Behar, Adi AU - Weill, François-Xavier AU - Gouali, Malika AU - Sobel, Jeremy AU - Fookes, Maria AU - Valinsky, Lea AU - Gal-Mor, Ohad AU - Connor, Thomas AU - Nissan, Israel AU - Bertrand, Sophie AU - Parkhill, Julian AU - Jenkins, Claire AU - Cohen, Dani AU - Thomson, Nicholas T1 - Travel- and Community-Based Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Lineage among International Orthodox Jewish Communities T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2016 VL - 22 IS - 9 SP - 1545 SN - 1080-6059 AB - Shigellae are sensitive indicator species for studying trends in the international transmission of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Orthodox Jewish communities (OJCs) are a known risk group for shigellosis; Shigella sonnei is cyclically epidemic in OJCs in Israel, and sporadic outbreaks occur in OJCs elsewhere. We generated whole-genome sequences for 437 isolates of S. sonnei from OJCs and non-OJCs collected over 22 years in Europe (the United Kingdom, France, and Belgium), the United States, Canada, and Israel and analyzed these within a known global genomic context. Through phylogenetic and genomic analysis, we showed that strains from outbreaks in OJCs outside of Israel are distinct from strains in the general population and relate to a single multidrug-resistant sublineage of S. sonnei that prevails in Israel. Further Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that this strain emerged approximately 30 years ago, demonstrating the speed at which antimicrobial drug–resistant pathogens can spread widely through geographically dispersed, but internationally connected, communities. KW - Shigella sonnei KW - shigellosis KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - bacteria KW - diarrhea KW - dysentery KW - amebiasis KW - gastroenteritis KW - antimicrobial resistance KW - Jewish orthodox KW - Israel KW - Europe KW - United States KW - Canada KW - enteric infections KW - France KW - Belgium DO - 10.3201/eid2209.151953 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/9/15-1953_article ER - End of Reference