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Volume 23, Number 10—October 2017
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Moataz Abd El Ghany123Comments to Author , Mona Alsomali1, Malak Almasri1, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain23, and Ziad A. Memish23
Author affiliations: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M. Abd El Ghany, M. Alsomali, E. Padron Regalado, R. Naeem, A. Pain); University of Sydney, Australia (M. Abd El Ghany, G.A. Hill-Cawthorne); Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M. Almasri, A. Tukestani, A. Asiri, Z.A. Memish); Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (A. Pain); Alfaisal University, Riyadh (Z.A. Memish); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Z.A. Memish)

Main Article

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of persons who acquired enteric infections during their travel for Hajj, 2011–2013

Characteristic Year
 Total Statistical analyses*
2011 2012 2013 χ2 p value
Hospitalization, no. (%)            
Outpatient 94 (79.66) 263 (88.55) 116 (89.92) 473 (86.95) 7.54 0.02
Inpatient 24 (20.34) 33 (11.11) 13 (10.08) 70 (12.87)    
Not defined
 0
 1 (0.34)
 0
 1 (0.18)
  
  
Stool consistency, no. (%)            
Unformed† 57 (48.31) 187 (62.96) 76 (58.91) 320 (58.82) 9.19 0.01
Watery‡ 60 (50.85) 101 (34.01) 48 (37.12) 209 (38.42)    
Not defined
 1 (0.85)
 9 (3.03)
 5 (3.88)
 15 (2.76)
  
  
Abdominal pain/cramp, no. (%)            
Yes 106 (89.83) 282 (94.95) 103 (79.84) 491 (90.26)    
No 0 0 0 0    
Not defined
 12 (10.17)
 15 (5.05)
 26 (20.16)
 53 (9.74)
  
  
Bowel movements/d, no. (%)            
<3 9 (7.63) 5 (1.68) 3 (2.33) 17 (3.13) 11.21 0.02
3–5 78 (66.1) 212 (71.38) 76 (58.91) 366 (67.28)    
>5 19 (16.1) 65 (21.89) 24 (18.6) 108 (19.85)    
Not defined
 12 (10.17)
 15 (5.05)
 26 (20.16)
 53 (9.74)
  
  
Duration of diarrhea, d, no. (%)            
<2 61 (51.69) 140 (47.14) 67 (51.94) 268 (49.26) 2.99 0.56
3–5 42 (35.59) 119 (40.07) 42 (32.56) 203 (37.32)    
>5 12 (10.17) 24 (8.08) 8 (6.2) 44 (8.09)    
Not defined
 3 (2.54)
 14 (4.71)
 12 (9.3)
 29 (5.33)
  
  
Presence of mucus, no. (%)            
Yes 38 (32.2) 165 (55.56) 41 (31.78) 244 (44.85) 32.08 <0.001
No 80 (67.8) 126 (42.42) 86 (66.67) 292 (53.68)    
Not defined
 0
 6 (2.02)
 2 (1.55)
 8 (1.47)
  
  
Presence of blood, no. (%)            
Yes 14 (11.86) 26 (8.75) 11 (8.53) 51 (9.38) 0.98 0.61
No 104 (88.14) 265 (89.23) 116 (89.92) 485 (89.15)    
Not defined
 0
 6 (2.02)
 2 (1.55)
 8 (1.47)
  
  
Vomiting, no. (%)            
Yes 33 (27.97) 80 (26.94) 12 (9.3) 125 (22.98) 17.92 <0.001
No 85 (72.03) 211 (71.04) 115 (89.15) 411 (75.55)    
Not defined
 0
 6 (2.02)
 2 (1.55)
 8 (1.47)
  
  
Fever, no. (%)§            
No fever 87 (73.73) 167 (56.23) 103 (79.84) 357 (65.63) 26.90 <0.001
Moderate 23 (19.49) 72 (24.24) 25 (19.34) 120 (22.06)    
Severe 3 (2.54) 32 (10.77) 1 (0.78) 36 (6.62)    
Not defined
 5 (4.24)
 26 (8.75)
 0
 31 (5.7)
  
  
Dehydration, no. (%)¶            
Yes 42 (35.59) 53 (17.85) 39 (30.23) 134 (24.63) 16.89 <0.001
No 76 (64.41) 238 (80.13) 85 (65.89) 399 (73.35)    
Not defined 0 6 (2.02) 5 (3.88) 11 (2.02)    

*Comparison between Hajj seasons.
†Bristol 6.
‡Bristol 7.
§Moderate fever defined as >37.5°C and <39.0°C; severe fever defined as >39.0°C.
¶Dehydration defined as >2 of the following signs or symptoms: thirst, dry mouth, weakness/light headedness, and darkening of the urine/decrease in urination.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

3These authors were co–principal investigators.

Page created: October 10, 2017
Page updated: October 10, 2017
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