Volume 23, Number 12—December 2017
Research
High Rate of MCR-1–Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among Pigs, Portugal
Nicolas Kieffer, Marta Aires-de-Sousa, Patrice Nordmann, and Laurent Poirel
Table
Genetic features associated with MCR-1–producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from pigs, Portugal*
| Strain |
Species |
No. pigs |
ST† |
Resistance genes |
Colistin MIC, μg/mL |
Incompatibility group (kb) of mcr-1 plasmids |
Resistance phenotype‡ |
Genetic context of mcr-1§ |
| Farm 1 | ||||||||
| P13 | E. coli | 6 | ST101 | blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 4 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/TET/NAL/AMX/CTX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P8 | E. coli | 1 | ST101 | blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 4 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/TET/AMX/CTX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P28 | E. coli | 4 | New ST1 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 8 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/TET/CHL/AMX/TMN/GMN/SUL | II |
| P11 | E. coli | 1 | New ST2 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/TET/CHL/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| P4 | E. coli | 3 | New ST1 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 16 | IncP (≈60) | TET/ CHL /AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P9 | E. coli | 1 | New ST2 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 16 | IncP (≈60) | TET/CHL/AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P27 | E. coli | 1 | ST6453 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 16 | IncP (≈60) | TET/CHL/AMX/TMN/SUL | I |
| P7 | E. coli | 1 | New ST2 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 16 | IncP (≈60) | TET/CHL/AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P43 | E. coli | 1 | New ST4 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 16 | IncP (≈60) | TET/CHL/AMX/TMN//GMN | III |
| P10 | E. coli | 1 | ST10 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | TET/ CHL /AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P5 | E. coli | 1 | New ST4 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 8 | IncP (≈60) | TET/ CHL /AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P1 | E. coli | 1 | New ST3 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 8 | IncP (≈60) | TET/ CHL /AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P2 | E. coli | 1 | New ST2 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 8 | IncP (≈60) | SXT/TET/CHL/AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P16 | E. coli | 1 | ST10 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 8 | IncX4(≈30) | SXT/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| P3 | E. coli | 5 | ST156 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 8 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/TET/NAL/CIP/AMX/TMN/SUL | I |
| P20 | E. coli | 1 | New ST2 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 4 | IncHI2 (~250) | SXT/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| P22 | E. coli | 13 | ST6453 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 4 | IncP (≈60) | TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | I |
| P19 | E. coli | 1 | New ST4 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 4 | IncP (≈60) | SXT/TET/ CHL/NAL/AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| P37 | E. coli | 1 | ST38 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1 | 4 | IncP (≈60) | SXT/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | I |
| P6K |
K. pneumoniae |
6 |
ST45 |
blaTEM-1, mcr-1 |
32 |
IncP (≈60) |
TET/AMX/TMN/SUL |
II |
| Farm 2 | ||||||||
| B21 | E. coli | 1 | ST10 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/NAL/CIP/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B12 | E. coli | 8 | ST10 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/NAL/CIP/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B30 | E. coli | 10 | ST10 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/NAL/CIP/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B3 | E. coli | 1 | New ST6 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/NAL/AMX/TMN/SUL | I |
| B27 | E. coli | 1 | New ST7 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | CHL/TET/NAL/CIP/AMX/TMN/SUL | I |
| B47 | E. coli | 1 | New ST7 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B18 | E. coli | 2 | New ST8 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncX4 (≈30) | SXT/CHL/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B22 | E. coli | 5 | New ST8 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| B4 | E. coli | 1 | New ST7 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 16 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B15 | E. coli | 1 | ST46 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 8 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B6 | E. coli | 2 | ST101 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 8 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B8 | E. coli | 1 | New ST6 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 8 | IncX4 (≈30) | SXT/CHL/TET/NAL/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B1 | E. coli | 1 | New ST6 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 8 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B11 | E. coli | 1 | New ST7 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 8 | IncHI2 (≈250) | CHL//TET/NAL/AMX/TMN/SUL | IV |
| B9 | E. coli | 9 | ST23 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 4 | IncP (≈60) | SXT/CHL/TET/NAL/AMX/TMN/SUL | II |
| B5 | E. coli | 1 | New ST8 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 4 | IncP (≈60) | SXT/CHL/TET/NAL/AMX/TMN/SUL | III |
| B27K | K. pneumoniae | 2 | ST1563 | blaTEM-1, mcr-1, floR | 32 | IncHI2 (≈250) | SXT/CHL/TET/AMX/TMN/SUL | I |
*Only strains representative of each pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clonal lineage are listed. AMX, amoxicillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin, CHL, chloramphenicol; CTX, cefotaxime; NAL, nalidixic acid; ND, not determined; ST, sequence type; SUL, sulfonamides; SXT, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim; TET, tetracycline; TMN, tobramycin.
†STs were identified with the Warwick University database (http://mlst.warwick.ac.uk/mlst/dbs/Ecoli). Because this database accepts only whole-genome sequencing data to submit new STs, all new STs found were notified as New STx.
‡Underlining indicates co-resistances provided by the plasmid carrying mcr-1.
§Different genetic environments detected by PCR, as shown in the Figure.
Page created: November 16, 2017
Page updated: November 16, 2017
Page reviewed: November 16, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.