Volume 23, Number 6—June 2017
Dispatch
Congenital Malformations of Calves Infected with Shamonda Virus, Southern Japan
Yoshimasa Hirashima, Shoei Kitahara, Tomoko Kato, Hiroaki Shirafuji, Shogo Tanaka, and Tohru Yanase
Table
Characteristics of 15 malformed calves infected with Shamonda virus, southern Japan, December 2015 ̶ April 2016*
| Characteristic | Calf no. |
Total | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||
| Gestational age, d | 281 | 275 | 280 | 278 | 285 | 291 | 281 | 280 | 293 | 279 | 290 | 287 | 287 | 276 | 299 | NA |
| Euthanasia | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | + | – | – | 9 |
| Stillbirth |
– |
– |
– |
+ |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
+ |
+ |
+ |
– |
+ |
+ |
6 |
| RT-PCR result | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | – | + | 7 |
| Antibody titer |
1:8 |
1:32 |
1:32 |
1:64 |
1:2 |
1:32 |
1:32 |
1:16 |
1:8 |
1:16 |
1:4 |
1:16 |
1:16 |
1:4 |
1:64 |
NA |
| Clinical finding | ||||||||||||||||
| Torticollis | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | + | – | + | + | 10 |
| Arthrogryposis | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 12 |
| Macroscopic finding | ||||||||||||||||
| Head deformity | ||||||||||||||||
| Brachygnathism | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | 4 |
| Asymmetry of skull | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | 4 |
| LVE | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | – | – | 2 |
| Cerebellar hypoplasia | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Spinal curvature | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | 11 |
| Muscle discoloration |
– |
– |
– |
– |
+ |
+ |
– |
– |
+ |
+ |
+ |
– |
– |
– |
– |
5 |
| Histopathologic finding | ||||||||||||||||
| Cerebrum | ||||||||||||||||
| Calcification of nerve cells | – | + | + | – | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | 5 |
| Brainstem | ||||||||||||||||
| Calcification of nerve cells | – | – | + | + | – | + | – | + | – | + | – | + | – | + | + | 8 |
| Perivascular infiltration | – | + | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | 6 |
| Gliosis | – | – | + | + | – | + | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | + | – | 5 |
| Spinal cord | ||||||||||||||||
| Decrease/disappearance of ventral horn cells | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 10 |
| Skeletal muscles | ||||||||||||||||
| Fatty replacement | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 12 |
| Atrophy | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | 9 |
| Myositis | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | 9 |
*LVE, lateral ventricular enlargement; NA, not applicable; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; +, positive; –, negative.
Page created: May 16, 2017
Page updated: May 16, 2017
Page reviewed: May 16, 2017
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