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Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017
Research

Case−Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile

Andrea OleaComments to Author , Isabel Matute, Claudia González, Iris Delgado, Lucy Poffald, Elena Pedroni, Tania Alfaro, Macarena Hirmas, Manuel Nájera, Ana Gormaz, Darío López, Sergio Loayza, Catterina Ferreccio, Doris Gallegos, Rodrigo Fuentes, Pablo Vial, and Ximena Aguilera
Author affiliations: Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (A. Olea, I. Matute, C. González, I. Delgado, L. Poffald, M. Hirmas, M. Nájera, A. Gormaz, R. Fuentes, P. Vial, X. Aguilera); Universidad Isalud, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E. Pedroni); Universidad de Chile, Santiago (T. Alfaro); Chilean Ministry of Health, Santiago (D. López, S. Loayza, D. Gallegos); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (C. Ferreccio)

Main Article

Table 1

Meningococcal disease determinants for persons <5 years age and controls for all Neisseria meningitidis serogroups, Chile, January 2012−March 2013*

Characteristic Case-patients, n = 59 Controls, n = 281 p value OR (95% CI)
Demographic
Age, y† 0 (0–1) 1 (0–2) <0.001‡ NA
Age <1 y† 39/59 80/281 <0.001§ 4.9 (2.7–8.9)
Male sex 42/59 187/281 0.298§ 1.2 (0.7–2.3)
Chilean nationality 58/59 278/281 0.535§ 0.6 (0.1–6.1)
Native person 7/59 22/281 0.220§ 1.6 (0.6–3.9)
Residence in Santiago (metropolitan region)
 37/59
 179/281
 0.499§
 1.0 (0.5–1.7)
Social and environmental
No. bedrooms in home† 3 (2–3) 3 (2–4) 0.045‡ NA
No. persons/bedroom† 2 (1.7–3.0) 1.8 (1.3–2.1) <0.001‡ NA
Square feet of housing 646 (484–1,023) 753 (517–1,076)¶ 0.323‡ NA
Square feet/person 129 (97–180) 143 (93–230)¶ 0.212‡ NA
Education for mother, y† 13 (111–13) 13 (12–15) 0.015‡ NA
Children not attending school in mother’s care† 39/47 144/214 0.022§ 1.4 (1.1–5.3)
Lived in crowded places† 3/59 0/281 0.005§ NA
Income <US $517† 34/59 101/262 0.006§ 2.2 (1.2–3.8)
Public health insurance† 64/59 209/281 0.003§ 2.2 (1.0–4.8)
Shared bedroom with >2 persons† 51/59 180/281 <0.001§ 3.6 (1.6–7.8)
Shared bed with >2 persons† 24/59 59/281 0.002§ 2.6 (1.4–4.7)
Shared space with other children† 54/59 212/281 0.003§ 3.5 (1.4–9.1)
Overcrowding†
 22/59
 55/281
 0.004§
 2.4 (1.3–4.5)
Individual behavior and medical history
No. hospitalizations† 0 (0–1) 0 (0–1) 0.004‡ NA
No. nonrespiratory chronic diseases 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.093‡ NA
Acute respiratory illness 33/59 186/281 0.090§ 1.5 (0.9–2.7)
Bronchopneumonia† 8/59 7/281 0.001§ 6.1 (2.1–17.7)
Greeted >2 persons with kiss on mouth† 24/59 70/281 0.012§ 2.1 (1.2–3.7)
History of meningococcal disease in family† 13/59 24/281 0.004§ 3.0 (1.4–6.4)
History of hospitalizations† 28/59 84/281 0.008§ 2.1 (1.2–3.8)
Hospitalization for asthma or acute lower RTI† 19/59 44/281 0.004§ 2.6 (1.4–4.8)
Hospitalization for whooping cough† 4/59 1/281 0.004§ 20.4 (2.2–185.7)
Hospitalization for diarrhea† 4/59 4/281 0.033§ 5.0 (1.2–20.7)
Nonrespiratory chronic disease 12/59 35/281 0.086§ 1.8 (0.9–3.7)
Stressful event 14/59 42/281 0.076§ 1.8 (0.9–3.5)

*Values are median (IQR) or no. positive/no. tested except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
†Significant difference.
‡By Mann-Whitney test.
§By Fisher exact test.
¶n = 276.

Main Article

Page created: June 19, 2017
Page updated: June 19, 2017
Page reviewed: June 19, 2017
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