Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017
Research

Attributable Fraction of Influenza Virus Detection to Mild and Severe Respiratory Illnesses in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Patients, South Africa, 2012–2016

Stefano TempiaComments to Author , Sibongile Walaza, Jocelyn Moyes, Adam L. Cohen, Claire von Mollendorf, Meredith L. McMorrow, Florette K. Treurnicht, Marietjie Venter, Marthi Pretorius, Orienka Hellferscee, Nicole Wolter, Anne von Gottberg, Athermon Nguweneza, Johanna M. McAnerney, Halima Dawood, Ebrahim Variava, Shabir A. Madhi, and Cheryl CohenComments to Author 
Author affiliations: National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa (S. Tempia, S. Walaza, J. Moyes, C. von Mollendorf, F.K. Treurnicht, M. Pretorius, O. Hellferscee, N. Wolter, A. von Gottberg, A. Nguweneza, J.M. McAnerney, S.A. Madhi, C. Cohen); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Tempia, A.L. Cohen, M.L. McMorrow); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa (S. Tempia, A.L. Cohen, M.L. McMorrow); University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S. Walaza, J. Moyes, C. von Mollendorf, O. Hellferscee, N. Wolter, A. von Gottberg, E. Variava, S.A. Madhi, C. Cohen); World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (A.L. Cohen); University of Pretoria, Pretoria (M. Venter, M. Pretorius); Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (H. Dawood); University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (H. Dawood); Klerksdorp-Tshepong Hospital Complex, Klerksdorp, South Africa (E. Variava)

Main Article

Table 1

Persons positive for influenza virus infection in a study of the attributable fraction of influenza virus detection to mild and severe respiratory illnesses, Klerksdorp and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, May 2012–April 2016*

Category No. positive/no. total (%)
Total HIV-infected HIV-uninfected
Asymptomatic controls
Age, y
<1 2/363 (0.5) 0/37 (0.0) 2/326 (0.6)
1–4 9/512 (1.8) 3/223 (1.3) 6/289 (2.1)
5–24 11/729 (1.5) 3/323 (0.9) 8/406 (2.0)
25–44 5/386 (1.3) 2/238 (0.8) 3/148 (2.0)
45–64 4/357 (1.1) 2/173 (1.2) 2/184 (1.1)
>65 1/157 (0.6) 0/32 (0.0) 1/125 (0.8)
<5 11/875 (1.3) 3/260 (1.2) 8/615 (1.3)
>5 21/1,629 (1.3) 7/766 (0.9) 14/863 (1.6)
All 32/2,504 (1.3) 10/1,026 (1.0) 22/1,478 (1.5)
Influenza virus types/subtypes
A 21/2,504 (0.8) 6/1,026 (0.6) 15/1,478 (1.0)
A(H3N2) 6/2,504 (0.2) 2/1,026 (0.2) 4/1,478 (0.3)
A(H1N1)pdm09 12/2,504 (0.5) 3/1,026 (0.3) 9/1,478 (0.6)
B
 11/2,504 (0.4)
4/1,026 (0.4)
7/1,478 (0.5)
Outpatients with influenza-like illness
Age, y
<1 42/554 (7.6) 4/11 (36.4) 38/543 (7.0)
1–4 158/1,011 (15.6) 5/24 (20.8) 153/987 (15.5)
5–24 214/1,319 (16.2) 24/228 (10.5) 190/1,091 (17.4)
25–44 183/1,366 (13.4) 118/825 (14.3) 65/541 (12.0)
45–64 59/451 (13.1) 31/181 (17.1) 28/270 (10.4)
>65 10/96 (10.4) 3/26 (11.5) 7/70 (10.0)
<5 200/1,565 (12.8) 9/35 (25.7) 191/1,530 (12.5)
>5 466/3,232 (14.4) 176/1,260 (14.0) 290/1,972 (14.7)
All 666/4,797 (13.9) 185/1,295 (14.3) 481/3,502 (13.7)
Influenza virus types/subtypes
A 443/4,797 (9.2) 125/1,295 (9.7) 318/3,502 (9.1)
A(H3N2) 310/4,797 (6.5) 94/1,295 (7.3) 216/3,502 (6.2)
A(H1N1)pdm09 119/4,797 (2.5) 25/1,295 (1.9) 94/3,502 (2.7)
B
 223/4,797 (4.6)
60/1,295 (4.6)
163/3,502 (4.7)
Inpatients with severe acute respiratory illness
Age, y
<1 54/1,250 (4.3) 7/114 (6.1) 47/1,136 (4.1)
1–4 63/754 (8.4) 11/97 (11.3) 52/648 (8.0)
5–24 22/284 (7.7) 12/150 (8.0) 10/134 (7.5)
25–44 60/837 (7.2) 55/745 (7.4) 5/92 (5.4)
45–64 38/479 (7.9) 28/312 (9.0) 10/167 (6.0)
>65 14/160 (8.7) 5/34 (14.7) 9/126 (7.1)
<5 117/1,995 (5.9) 18/211 (8.5) 99/1,784 (5.5)
>5 134/1,760 (7.6) 100/1,241 (8.1) 34/519 (6.6)
All 251/3,755 (6.7) 118/1,452 (8.1) 133/2,303 (5.8)
Influenza virus types/subtypes
A 170/3,755 (4.5) 74/1,452 (5.1) 96/2,303 (4.2)
A(H3N2) 98/3,755 (2.6) 42/1,452 (2.9) 56/2,303 (2.4)
A(H1N1)pdm09 70/3,755 (1.9) 32/1,452 (2.2) 38/2,303 (1.7)
B
 81/3,755 (2.2)
 44/1,452 (3.0)
 37/2,303 (1.6)
Inpatients with severe chronic respiratory illness
Age, y
<1 9/99 (9.1) 2/20 (10.0) 7/79 (8.9)
1–4 7/54 (13.0) 1/16 (6.3) 6/38 (15.8)
5–24 15/202 (7.4) 9/141 (6.4) 6/61 (9.8)
25–44 53/1,099 (4.8) 48/1,007 (4.8) 5/92 (5.4)
45–64 37/661 (5.6) 22/438 (5.0) 15/223 (6.7)
>65 12/164 (7.3) 3/45 (6.7) 9/119 (7.6)
<5 16/153 (10.5) 3/36 (8.3) 13/117 (11.1)
>5 117/2,126 (5.5) 82/1,631 (5.0) 35/495 (7.1)
All 133/2,279 (5.8) 85/1,667 (5.1) 48/612 (7.8)
Influenza virus types/subtypes
A 79/2,279 (3.5) 53/1,667 (3.2) 26/612 (4.2)
A(H3N2) 52/2,279 (2.3) 34/1,667 (2.0) 18/612 (2.9)
A(H1N1)pdm09 26/2,279 (1.1) 19/1,667 (1.1) 7/612 (1.1)
B 54/2,279 (2.4) 32/1,667 (1.9) 22/612 (3.6)

*Numbers indicate positive test result for any influenza virus. Influenza A category includes viruses that were not subtyped.

Main Article

Page created: June 19, 2017
Page updated: June 19, 2017
Page reviewed: June 19, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external