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Volume 24, Number 12—December 2018
Research

Prevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5) and A(H9) Viruses in Live Bird Markets, Bangladesh

Younjung Kim1Comments to Author , Paritosh K. Biswas1, Mohammad Giasuddin1, Mahmudul Hasan, Rashed Mahmud, Yu-Mei Chang, Steve Essen, Mohammed A. Samad, Nicola S. Lewis, Ian H. Brown, Natalie Moyen, Md. Ahasanul Hoque, Nitish C. Debnath, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, and Guillaume Fournié
Author affiliations: The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK (Y. Kim, Y.-M. Chang, N. Moyen, D.U. Pfeiffer, G. Fournié); City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Y. Kim, D.U. Pfeiffer); Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh (P.K. Biswas, R. Mahmud, M.A. Hoque); Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M. Giasuddin, M. Hasan, M.A. Samad); Animal Health and Plant Agency, Weybridge, UK (S. Essen, N.S. Lewis, I.H. Brown); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dhaka (N.C. Debnath)

Main Article

Table 1

Prevalence of avian influenza A(H5) and A(H9) viruses in pooled poultry and environmental samples, Chittagong and Dhaka, Bangladesh*

Sample type
 No. pools
 A(H5) virus prevalence, %
A(H9) virus prevalence, %
Observed pool level
 Estimated bird level (95% HDI)†
 Observed pool level
 Estimated bird level (95% HDI)†
Poultry
Retail LBM
Broiler 96 5.2 0.9 (0–9.4) 37.5 10.8 (2.3–22.5)
Sonali 62 3.2 1.4 (0–13.2) 32.3 6.6 (1.2–14.5)
Desi 61 3.4 1.3 (0–12.2) 29.5 6.8 (1.3–14.9)
Waterfowl
 20
 50.0
 8.1 (0–46.8)
25.0
 2.8 (0.3–7.0)
Mixed LBM
Broiler 57 1.8 0.9 (0–4.0) 47.4 13.1 (1.2–30.1)
Sonali 60 10.0 1.4 (0–5.7) 31.7 8.0 (0.4–19.8)
Desi 66 9.1 1.3 (0–5.2) 39.4 8.3 (0.5–20.4)
Waterfowl
 55
 27.3
 7.6 (0–24.6)
16.4
 3.4 (0.1–9.7)
Environmental site
Retail LBM
Stall area 101 5.9 1.5 (0–10.4) 16.8 3.2 (0.1–9.1)
Slaughter area 99 7.1 1.4 (0–10.1) 25.3 6.2 (0.2–16.6)
Mixed LBM
Stall area 102 15.7 3.1 (0–11.3) 23.5 5.2 (0.1–14.1)
Slaughter area 98 14.3 3.0 (0–11.0) 37.8 9.9 (0.4–25.0)

*Desi, which means “local” in Bengali, are indigenous chicken breeds raised in backyard farms. Sonali is a cross-breed of the Rhode Island Red cocks and Fayoumi hens. HDI, high-density interval; LBM, live bird market.
†Bird and environmental swab specimen–level prevalence in contaminated live bird markets. Median values are reported.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: November 20, 2018
Page updated: November 20, 2018
Page reviewed: November 20, 2018
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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