Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 24, Number 7—July 2018
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis

Large Outbreaks of Fungal and Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in a Neonatal Unit, South Africa, 2012–2016

Erika van SchalkwykComments to Author , Samantha Iyaloo, Serisha D. Naicker, Tsidiso G. Maphanga, Ruth S. Mpembe, Thokozile G. Zulu, Mabatho Mhlanga, Sibongile Mahlangu, Motlatji B. Maloba, Grace Ntlemo, Kgomotso Sanyane, Dini Mawela, and Nelesh P. Govender
Author affiliations: University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (E. van Schalkwyk); National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (E. van Schalkwyk, S. Iyaloo, S.D. Naicker, T.G. Maphanga, R.S. Mpembe, T.G. Zulu, M. Mhlanga, N.P. Govender); National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg (S. Mahlangu, M.B. Maloba, G. Ntlemo); Sefako Makgato Health Sciences University, Pretoria (S. Mahlangu, M.B. Maloba, G. Ntlemo, K. Sanyane, D. Mawela); University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, (N.P. Govender); University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (N.P. Govender)

Main Article

Table 2

Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with candidemia caused by Candida krusei among infants admitted to the neonatal unit at hospital A, Gauteng, South Africa, July 1–October 31, 2014

Characteristics
Candidemia positive, no. in category/total no. (%)
Univariate analysis

Multivariable analysis
OR (95% CI)
p value
aOR (95% CI)
p value
Sex
M 27/336 (58.7) Reference Reference
F
19/249 (41.3)
0.9 (0.5–1.8)
0.857

0.9 (0.4–1.7)
0.671
Gestational age at birth, wks†
<28 3/27 (6.7) 3.1 (0.7–12.1) 0.111 ND ND
28–31 18/99 (40.0) 5.4 (2.3–12.6) <0.001 ND ND
32–36 15/209 (33.3) 1.9 (0.8–4.5) 0.141 ND ND
≥37
9/229 (20.0)
Reference


ND
ND
Birthweight, g
<1,000 8/44 (17.4) 8.7 (2.8–26.7) <0.001 6.5 (1.9–21.6) 0.002
1,000–1,499 16/87 (34.8) 8.9 (3.3–23.5) <0.001 6.1 (2.1–17.2) 0.001
1,500–1,999 11/120 (23.9) 4.0 (1.4–11.1) 0.008 3.4 (1.1–10.0) 0.023
2,000–2,499 5/93 (10.9) 2.2 (0.6–7.6) 0.193 2.5 (0.7–8.8) 0.139
≥2,500
6/242 (13.0)
Reference


Reference

Necrotizing enterocolitis
No 31/521 (67.4) Reference Reference
Yes
15/65 (32.6)
4.8 (2.3–9.4)
<0.001

3.1 (1.4–6.7)
0.005
HIV exposed
No 19/314 (54.3) Reference ND ND
Yes
16/178 (45.7)
1.5 (0.7–3.1)
0.226

ND
ND
Month admitted
July 21/152 (45.7) 8.9 (2.6–30.6) <0.001 9.3 (2.5–33.1) 0.001
August 15/128 (32.6) 7.4 (2.0–26.2) 0.002 8.6 (2.3–31.5) 0.001
September 7/137 (15.2) 3.0 (0.7–11.9) 0.117 3.5 (0.8–14.4) 0.080
October
3/170 (6.5)
Reference


ND
ND
Underlying conditions
Respiratory
No 9/195 (19.6) Reference ND ND
Yes 37/390 (80.4) 2.2 (1.0–4.6) 0.043 ND ND
Cardiovascular
No 25/387 (58.1) Reference ND ND
Yes 18/149 (41.9) 2.0 (1.0–3.8) 0.035 ND ND
Jaundice ND ND
No 17/313 (37.0) Reference ND ND
Yes
29/274 (63.0)
2.1 (1.0–3.9)
0.023

ND
ND
Mother's antenatal care
None 13/76 (28.2) Reference ND ND
1–5 visits 26/392 (56.5) 0.3 (0.1–0.8) 0.004 ND ND
6–10 visits 7/116 (15.2) 0.3 (0.1–0.9) 0.018 ND ND
>10 visits
0/3 (0)
1


ND
ND
Mother's educational level
<Grade 10 7/134 (16.7) Reference ND ND
≥Grade 10
35/426 (83.3)
1.6 (0.7–3.8)
0.255

ND
ND
*Bold typeface indicates statistically significant values. Variables with a p value of <0.2 in the univariate analysis were added to a multivariable model and only variables that remained in the final model are displayed in the last 2 columns. Sex was included in the multivariable model as an a priori confounder. OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted OR; NA, not applicable; ND, no data (variables were not included in the final multivariable model).
†World Health Organization classification.

Main Article

Page created: June 14, 2018
Page updated: June 14, 2018
Page reviewed: June 14, 2018
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external