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Volume 24, Number 7—July 2018
Research

Mapping of the US Domestic Influenza Virologic Surveillance Landscape

Barbara Jester, Joy Schwerzmann, Desiree Mustaquim, Tricia Aden, Lynnette Brammer, Rosemary Humes, Pete Shult, Shahram Shahangian, Larisa Gubareva, Xiyan Xu, Joseph Miller, and Daniel JerniganComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Battelle–Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (B. Jester, J. Schwerzmann); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (D. Mustaquim, T. Aden, L. Brammer, S. Shahangian, L. Gubareva, X. Xu, J. Miller, D. Jernigan); Biomedical and Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA (R. Humes); University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (P. Shult)

Main Article

Table

Characteristics of influenza test types used for US domestic influenza virologic surveillance*

Characteristic RIDTs† Virus isolation Direct fluorescent antibody tests Molecular tests‡ Antiviral resistance functional tests Antigenic tests§ Genetic sequencing
Result type
 Influenza positive or negative AND
type A or B (for most tests)
 Virus growth
 Influenza positive
(type A or B), negative, or inconclusive
 Influenza type and/or subtype
positive, negative, or inconclusive
 Resistant or not to adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors
 Antigenic relatedness of viruses to vaccine or reference viruses
 Genetic structure
and relationship to previously circulating influenza viruses
Time to results
 <30 min;
most differentiate positive influenza A and B
 Traditional:
3–10 d
Rapid:
1–3 d
 1–4 h
 15 min–6 h
 ≈1 d
 5–8 h
 3–5 d
(excluding isolation)
CLIA¶ category Varies: CLIA-waived to moderate complexity High complexity Varies: moderate to high
complexity Varies: CLIA-waived to high complexity High complexity High complexity High complexity

*CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment; RIDT, rapid influenza diagnostic tests.
†http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/rapidlab.htm#table2.
‡http://www.cdc.gov/flu/pdf/professionals/diagnosis/molecular-assay-table-1.pdf.
§Hemagglutination inhibition, microneutralization, and focus-reduction assays (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/laboratory/antigenic.htm).
¶ CLIA categories for laboratory complexity (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/clia/Resources/TestComplexities.aspx).

Main Article

Page created: June 18, 2018
Page updated: June 18, 2018
Page reviewed: June 18, 2018
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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