Volume 24, Number 8—August 2018
Dispatch
Therapeutic and Transmission-Blocking Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin/Piperaquine and Chloroquine against Plasmodium vivax Malaria, Cambodia
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of Plasmodium vivax–infected patients in a clinical drug trial and a human-to-mosquito transmission study, Cambodia*
| Characteristic | Chloroquine | DHA/PPQ | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical drug trial study, June–December 2014 | |||
| No. patients followed up until day 63 (% Male) | 20 (80) | 20 (80) | 1.00† |
| Patient age, y | 26.5 (18.5–35) | 28.5 (21.5–46) | 0.11‡ |
| Patient weight, kg | 56.0 (50–59) | 51.0 (49.5–53) | 0.14‡ |
| Parasites/μL of blood | 5,000 (1,850–8,350) | 8,900 (3,500–17,500) | 0.051‡ |
| Gametocytes/µL of blood | 108 (58–200) | 245 (105–745) | 0.12‡ |
| Proportion with G6PD deficiency by spot test and PCR§ | 2/20 (Viangchan variant) | 1/20 (Canton variant) | 1.00† |
| Leukocytes, ×109 cells/L | 7.7 (6.2–9.2) | 6.9 (5.2–8.6) | 0.38‡ |
| Erythrocytes, ×1012 cells/L | 5.01 (4.53–5.26) | 5.10 (4.69–5.65) | 0.42‡ |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.2 (10.3–13.8) | 12.3 (11.4–13.1) | 0.43‡ |
| Hematocrit, % |
37 (34–43) |
40 (37–43) |
0.49‡ |
| Human-to-mosquito transmission study, January–March 2016¶ | |||
| No. (%) male patients | 9 (100) | 10 (70) | 0.21† |
| Patient age, y | 13.0 (12.7–38.5) | 24.5 (19.0–29.0) | 0.68‡ |
| Patient weight, kg | 37.0 (28.7–52.2) | 53.5 (42.0–60.0) | 0.09‡ |
| Parasites/μL of blood | 4,565 (3,462–6,184) | 9,069 (6,833–11,591) | 0.01‡ |
| Gametocytes/μL of blood | 221 (74.2–381.5) | 1,915 (693–2,729) | 0.001‡ |
| Proportion of infectious patients before treatment; feeding assay before first dose of treatment# | 8/9 (89) | 9/10 (90) | 1.00† |
| Proportion of infected mosquitoes before treatment; feeding assay before first dose of treatment | 69.6 (26.2–84.9) | 72.9 (29.75–92.7) | 0.71‡ |
| Average no. oocysts in infected mosquitoes before treatment; feeding assay before first dose of treatment | 12.2 (2.4–29.8) | 12.2 (2.4–40.6) | 0.74‡ |
*Values are median (IQR) or no. positive/no. tested (%) unless otherwise indicated. Bold indicates statistical significance (p<0.05). DHA/PPQ, dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; IQR, interquartile range.
†By Ficher exact test.
‡By Mann-Whitney U test.
§For details, see Khim et al. (10).
¶Mosquitoes were 6–8 days old and were allowed to feed for 20 min. Feeding was conducted at the same place immediately after obtaining blood from patients. Dissections were performed 6 days after the blood meal. Midguts were dissected in 1% mercurochrome stain, and the presence and number of oocysts were determined by microscopy (×20 magnification).
#Patients were defined as being infectious when >1 mosquito became infected with oocysts.