Volume 25, Number 10—October 2019
Research
VAR2CSA Serology to Detect Plasmodium falciparum Transmission Patterns in Pregnancy
Table
Participants in study of VAR2CSA serologic testing to detect Plasmodium falciparum transmission patterns, by country and HIV status*
| Variable | HIV-uninfected, no. (%) |
HIV-infected, no. (%) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004–2005 |
2010–2012 |
2004–2005 |
2010–2012 |
||||||||
| Mozambique, n = 65 | Mozambique,† n = 485 | Benin, n = 854 | Gabon, n = 131 | Tanzania, n = 31 | Mozambique, n = 81 | Mozambique,† n = 362 | Kenya, n = 296 | ||||
| Parity | |||||||||||
| Primigravid | 17 (26) | 181 (37) | 188 (22) | 38 (29) | 16 (52) | 28 (35) | 46 (13) | 22 (7) | |||
| Multigravid |
48 (74) |
304 (63) |
666 (78) |
93 (71) |
15 (48) |
53 (65) |
316 (87) |
274 (93) |
|||
| Age, y | |||||||||||
| <20 | 19 (29) | 181 (37) | 86 (10) | 42 (32) | 5 (16) | 27 (33) | 41 (11) | 15 (5) | |||
| 20–24 | 17 (26) | 123 (25) | 281 (33) | 45 (34) | 14 (45) | 26 (32) | 84 (23) | 96 (32) | |||
| >25 |
29 (45) |
181 (37) |
487 (57) |
44 (34) |
12 (39) |
28 (35) |
237 (65) |
185 (62) |
|||
| IPTp | |||||||||||
| Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine | 65 (100) | 151 (31) | 288 (34) | 55 (42) | 11 (35) | 81 (100) | 0 | 0 | |||
| Mefloquine | 0 | 334 (69) | 566 (66) | 76 (58) | 20 (65) | 0 | 178 (49) | 139 (47) | |||
| Placebo‡ |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
184 (51) |
157 (53) |
|||
| Microscopy§¶ | |||||||||||
| Positive | 9 (14) | 13 (3) | 110 (15) | 3 (2) | 1 (3) | 8 (10) | 8 (2) | 15 (5) | |||
| Negative |
56 (86) |
468 (97) |
616 (85) |
125 (98) |
30 (97) |
73 (90) |
323 (98) |
268 (95) |
|||
| qPCR¶# | |||||||||||
| Positive | 16 (25) | 28 (6) | 332 (46) | 9 (10) | 0 | 21 (26) | 13 (4) | 22 (8) | |||
| Negative | 49 (75) | 424 (94) | 393 (54) | 80 (90) | 31 (100) | 60 (74) | 314 (96) | 251 (92) | |||
*IPTp, intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy; qPCR, quantitative PCR.
†40% (196/485) of HIV-uninfected and 12% (43/362) of HIV-infected participants were pregnant women with samples collected also at recruitment and second IPTp administration.
‡All HIV-infected women who received placebo were also receiving cotrimoxazol prophylaxis.
§Maternal microscopic infection defined by the presence of P. falciparum parasites in peripheral blood or in placenta on microscopic or histologic examination, respectively.
¶Not determined: 179 microscopy and 196 qPCR.
#Maternal qPCR-positive infection was defined by a positive result on qPCR testing in peripheral or placental blood.