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Volume 25, Number 10—October 2019
Research

Risk Factors for Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Zhejiang Province, China

Yan-Yan Hu, Jun-Min Cao, Qing Yang, Shi Chen, Huo-Yang Lv, Hong-Wei Zhou, Zuowei WuComments to Author , and Rong ZhangComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Y.-Y. Hu, H.-W. Zhou, R. Zhang); First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou (Q. Yang); Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou (J.-M. Cao, H.-Y. Lv); Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou (S. Chen); Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA (Z. Wu)

Main Article

Table 2

Annual odds ratios for risk factors associated with carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Zhejiang Province, China, 2015–2017*

Characteristics 2015
 2016
 2017
OR (95% CI) p value OR (95% CI) p value OR (95% CI) p value
District
Jiaxing Referent Referent Referent
Hangzhou 3.22 (2.85–3.63) <0.001 2.83 (2.52–3.19) <0.001 2.10 (1.91–2.31) <0.001
Huzhou 1.42 (1.16–1.75) 0.001 1.68 (1.41–2.00) <0.001 1.92 (1.55–2.38) <0.001
Ningbo 2.23 (1.94–2.56) <0.001 2.16 (1.89–2.47) <0.001 1.85 (1.64–2.07) <0.001
Taizhou 1.97 (1.65–2.36) <0.001 1.50 (1.29–1.75) <0.001 1.77 (1.51–2.07) <0.001
Zhoushan 3.24 (2.63–4.00) <0.001 1.79 (1.46–2.18) <0.001 1.61 (1.31–1.97) <0.001
Wenzhou 4.30 (3.75–4.94) <0.001 1.40 (1.18–1.65) <0.001 1.59 (1.40–1.80) <0.001
Quzhou 2.99 (2.48–3.61) <0.001 1.81 (1.53–2.14) <0.001 1.25 (1.09–1.45) 0.002
Jinhua 1.77 (1.51–2.08) <0.001 0.99 (0.85–1.15) 0.893 1.24 (1.09–1.40) 0.001
Shaoxing 2.09 (1.77–2.47) <0.001 1..47 (1.26–1.71) <0.001 1.10 (0.96–1.25) 0.165
Lishui
 1.90 (1.59–2.27)
 <0.001
1.11 (0.89–1.39)
 0.345
0.62 (0.49–0.79)
 <0.001
Specimen type
Urine Referent Referent Referent
Blood 1.23 (0.99–1.53) 0.067 1.68 (1.35–2.08) <0.001 1.44 (1.66–1.77) 0.001
Sputum
 1.87 (1.66–2.96)
 <0.001
1.97 (1.76–2.22)
 <0.001
2.13 (1.90–2.39)
 <0.001
Patient age, y
0–2 Referent Referent Referent
3–9 0.93 (0.58–1.49) 0.764 0.83 (0.56–1.23) 0.362 1.06 (0.73–1.54) 0.768
10–19 1.66 (0.99–2.48) 0.055 1.23 (0.84–1.80) 0.295 1.57 (1.08–2.29) 0.018
20–39 3.51 (2.48–4.97) <0.001 2.28 (1.70–3.06) <0.001 2.62 (1.95–3.55) <0.001
40–59 3.93 (2.82–5.48) <0.001 2.57 (1.95–3.39) <0.001 3.09 (2.33–4.10) <0.001
>60
 4.34 (3.13–6.02)
 <0.001
2.83 (2.15–3.71)
 <0.001
3.24 (2.45–4.27)
 <0.001
Quarter
Jul–Sep Referent Referent Referent
Jan–Mar 2.11 (1.46–3.03) <0.001 1.30 (1.17–1.44) <0.001 1.90 (1.75–2.07) <0.001
Apr–Jun NA NA 1.09 (0.97–1.22) 0.136 1.56 (1.42–1.70) <0.001
Oct–Dec
 NA
 NA
1.28 (1.15–1.43)
 <0.001
1.21 (1.11–1.31)
 <0.001
Hospital level†
2B Referent Referent Referent
2A 1.36 (0.71–2.63) 0.355 1.46 (0.96–2.20) 0.073 1.84 (1.11–3.04) 0.016
3B 1.13 (0.59–2.18) 0.712 0.95 (0.63–1.44) 0.819 1.35 (0.82–2.25) 0.239
3A
 1.93 (1.01–3.71)
 0.044
1.10 (0.72–1.68)
 0.653
1.58 (0.95–2.63)
 3.175
Type of patient
Outpatient Referent Referent Referent
Inpatient, ward 1.15 (1.01–1.31) 0.039
Non-ICU Referent Referent Referent
ICU 2.60 (2.42–2.79) <0.001 2.66 (2.49–2.85) <0.001 2.57 (2.38–2.78) <0.001

*Isolates from patients with missing values on the variables are not included in the analysis. Bold text indicates statistical significance. NA, not available; OR, odds ratio.
†Hospital classification is performed by the National Health Commission of China on the basis of the number of beds and comprehensive evaluation scores. Comprehensive evaluation covers the number of departments, staffing levels, management, technical level, work quality, and supporting facilities. Class 3 hospitals have >500 beds, class 2 hospitals have 100–499 beds. Grade levels are given on the basis of scores from a comprehensive evaluation; grade A hospitals received >900 points, grade B hospitals received 750–899 points.

Main Article

Page created: September 17, 2019
Page updated: September 17, 2019
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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