Volume 25, Number 12—December 2019
Dispatch
West Nile Virus in Wildlife and Nonequine Domestic Animals, South Africa, 2010–2018
Jumari Steyn, Elizabeth Botha, Voula I. Stivaktas, Peter Buss, Brianna R. Beechler, Jan G. Myburgh, Johan Steyl, June Williams, and Marietjie Venter
Table 2
Clinical signs and outcomes in wildlife and nonequine domestic animals tested for WNV upon submission to Centre for Viral Zoonoses, South Africa, 2010–2018*
| Variable |
No. WNV positive/total no. animals (%) |
No. WNV negative/total no. animals (%) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
p value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sign | ||||
| Fever | 2/8 (25.0) | 44/496 (8.9) | 3.4 (0.7–17.2) | 0.2 |
| Neurologic signs | 4/8 (50.0) | 422/496 (85.1) | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | <0.05 |
| Ataxia | 2/8 (25.0) | 102/496 (20.6) | 1.3 (0.3–6.3) | 1.0 |
| Paralysis | 1/8 (12.5) | 63/496 (12.7) | 0.9 (0.1–8.0) | 1.0 |
| Hind leg paralysis | 1/8 (12.5) | 22/496 (4.4) | 3.0 (0.4–25.7) | 0.3 |
| Paresis | 2/8 (25.0) | 118/496 (23.8) | 1.1 (0.2–5.3) | 1.0 |
| Tongue paralysis | 0/8 | 4/496 (0.8) | Undefined | 1 |
| Recumbency | 2/8 (25.0) | 103/496 (20.8) | 1.3 (0.3–6.3) | 0.7 |
| Dyspnea | 3/8 (37.5) | 78/496 (15.7) | 3.2 (0.7–13.5) | 0.1 |
| Hemorrhage | 0/8 | 11/496 (2.2) | Undefined | 1 |
| Blindness | 0/8 | 11/496 (2.2) | Undefined | 1 |
| Icterus | 0/8 | 2/496 (0.4) | Undefined | 1 |
| Seizure |
0/8 |
30/496 (6.0) |
Undefined |
1 |
| Outcome‡ | ||||
| Sudden unexpected death | 2/11 (18.2) | 76/608 (12.5) | 1.5 (0.3–7.2) | 0.4 |
| Stillborn | 1/11 (9.1) | 15/608 (2.5) | 3.9 (0.5–32.3) | 0.3 |
| Abortion | 0/11 | 24/608 (4.0) | Undefined | 1 |
| Congenital deformities | 0/11 | 11/608 (1.8) | Undefined | 1 |
| Death | 9/11 (81.8) | 510/608 (84.4) | 0.8 (0.2–3.6) | 0.4 |
*WNV, West Nile virus.
†p values <0.05 are significant.
‡Sudden unexplained death indicates animals found dead without an obvious reason; stillborn, abortion, and congenital deformities are related to potential cross-placental transmission; death refers to sick animals that subsequently died.
Page created: November 18, 2019
Page updated: November 18, 2019
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