Volume 25, Number 2—February 2019
Dispatch
Submicroscopic Malaria in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Spain
Table 2
Co-infections in patients in a study of SMM in migrants from sub-Saharan Africa to Spain, October 2004–December 2016*
Co-infection | All, no. (%), N = 370 | Non-SMM, no. (%), n = 337 | SMM, no. (%), n = 33 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Blastocystis hominis | 91 (24.6) | 85 (25.2) | 6 (18.2) | 0.33 |
Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar | 56 (15.1) | 53 (15.7) | 3 (9.1) | 0.28 |
Giardia lamblia | 25 (6.8) | 24 (7.1) | 1 (3.0) | 0.35 |
Strongyloides stercoralis | 73 (19.7) | 67 (19.9) | 6 (18.2) | 0.75 |
Hookworms | 39 (10.5) | 37 (11.0) | 2 (6.1) | 0.36 |
Trichuris trichiura | 11 (3.0) | 10 (3.0) | 1 (3.0) | 0.99 |
Ascaris lumbricoides |
10 (2.7) |
8 (2.4) |
2 (6.1) |
0.23 |
Schistosomiasis | 34 (9.2) | 31 (9.2) | 3 (9.1) | 0.94 |
S. haematobium | 21 (5.7) | 19 (5.6) | 2 (6.1) | 0.95 |
S. mansoni | 7 (1.9) | 7 (2.1) | 0 | 0.40 |
S. intercalatum | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 |
Schistosoma spp. |
5 (1.4) |
3 (0.9) |
1 (3.0) |
0.45 |
Hymenolepis nana | 7 (1.9) | 6 (1.8) | 1 (3.0) | 0.64 |
Taenia spp. |
2 (0.5) |
2 (0.6) |
0 |
1 |
Filariae† | 26 (7.0) | 18 (5.3) | 8 (24.2) | <0.01 |
Mansonella perstans | 26 (7.0) | 18 (5.3) | 8 (24.2) | <0.01 |
Loa loa |
3 (0.8) |
1 (0.3) |
2 (6.1) |
0.02 |
Syphilis | 39 (10.5) | 33 (9.8) | 6 (18.2) | 0.12 |
Hepatitis B virus | 111 (30) | 98 (29.1) | 13 (39.4) | 0.17 |
Hepatitis C virus | 5 (1.4) | 4 (1.2) | 1 (3.0) | 0.37 |
HIV | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (3.0) | 0.17 |
*SMM, submicroscopic malaria.
†All 3 patients infected with Loa loa eyeworms were co-infected with Mansonella perstans nematodes.