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Volume 25, Number 6—June 2019
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis

Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Lassa Fever Outbreak in Nigeria, January 1–May 6, 2018

Elsie A. Ilori1, Yuki Furuse1, Oladipupo B. Ipadeola1, Chioma C. Dan-Nwafor1, Anwar Abubakar, Oboma E. Womi-Eteng, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Sylvanus Okogbenin, Uche Unigwe, Emeka Ogah, Olufemi Ayodeji, Chukwuyem Abejegah, Ahmed A. Liasu, Emmanuel O. Musa, Solomon F. Woldetsadik, Clement L.P. Lasuba, Wondimagegnehu Alemu, Chikwe IhekweazuComments to Author , and Nigeria Lassa Fever National Response Team
Author affiliations: Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria (E.A. Ilori, O.B. Ipadeola, C.C. Dan-Nwafor, A. Abubakar, O.E. Womi-Eteng, C. Ihekweazu); Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Y. Furuse); World Health Organization, Abuja (Y. Furuse, E.O. Musa, S.F. Woldetsadik, C.L.P. Lasuba, W. Alemu); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja (O.B. Ipadeola); African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja (C.C. Dan-Nwafor); Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria (E. Ogbaini-Emovon, S. Okogbenin); Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria (U. Unigwe, E. Ogah); Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria (O. Ayodeji, C. Abejegah, A.A. Liasu)

Main Article

Table 3

Prevalence of symptoms and outcomes among patients with laboratory-confirmed Lassa fever, Nigeria, January 1–May 6, 2018*

Sign/symptom Cases, % (no. positive/no. with data available)
 aOR (95% CI) p value
All cases Fatal cases Nonfatal cases
Fever 96.4 (348/361) 97.8 (87/89) 96.3 (260/270) 1.5 (0.31–7.3) 1
Headache 58.7 (210/358) 64.0 (57/89) 56.6 (151/267) 1.4 (0.83–2.3) 1
Vomiting 49.4 (177/358) 56.2 (50/89) 47.6 (127/267) 1.5 (0.88–2.4) 1
Fatigue 43.3 (155/358) 55.1 (49/89) 39.7 (106/267) 1.5 (0.93–2.6) 1
Abdominal pain 40.2 (144/358) 49.4 (44/89) 37.1 (99/267) 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 0.68
Anorexia 33.0 (118/358) 39.3 (35/89) 31.1 (83/267) 1.4 (0.81–2.3) 1
Cough 30.4 (109/358) 46.1 (41/89) 25.5 (68/267) 2.6 (1.6–4.4) 0.0050
Diarrhea 26.8 (96/358) 39.3 (35/89) 22.8 (61/267) 2.2 (1.3–3.7) 0.068
Sore throat 22.1 (79/358) 32.6 (29/89) 18.7 (50/267) 2.0 (1.1–3.5) 0.33
Chest pain 21.3 (76/357) 26.1 (23/88) 19.9 (53/267) 1.4 (0.76–2.4) 1
Myalgia 18.5 (66/357) 28.4 (25/88) 15.0 (40/267) 2.1 (1.2–3.8) 0.28
Hemorrhaging 17.0 (61/358) 37.1 (33/89) 10.1 (27/267) 5.1 (2.8–9.3) <0.001
Arthralgia 16.5 (59/357) 26.1 (23/88) 13.5 (36/267) 2.3 (1.2–4.3) 0.17
Dyspnea 14.8 (53/357) 25.0 (22/88) 11.6 (31/267) 2.6 (1.4–4.9) 0.061
Unconsciousness 4.8 (17/357) 13.6 (12/88) 1.9 (5/267) 9.4 (3.1–28.7) 0.0018
Conjunctivitis 4.5 (16/358) 6.7 (6/89) 3.7 (10/267) 2.1 (0.71–6.1) 1
Disorientation 4.2 (15/357) 8.0 (7/88) 3.0 (8/267) 2.8 (0.97–8.3) 1
Skin rash 3.6 (13/358) 6.7 (6/89) 2.6 (7/267) 3.0 (0.97–9.6) 1
Photophobia 3.4 (12/357) 6.8 (6/88) 2.2 (6/267) 3.0 (0.92–9.9) 1
Hiccup 2.5 (9/358) 6.7 (6/89) 1.1 (3/267) 6.6 (1.6–28.0) 0.22
Jaundice 2.2 (8/358) 4.5 (4/89) 1.5 (4/267) 3.7 (0.87–15.6) 1

*aORs and 95% CIs calculated by using a binomial logistic regression model for fatal outcomes adjusted for age and sex. p values calculated by using a binomial logistic regression model and adjusted by the Bonferroni correction. aOR, adjusted odds ratio.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2Other members of the Nigeria Lassa Fever National Response Team are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: May 19, 2019
Page updated: May 19, 2019
Page reviewed: May 19, 2019
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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