Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 26, Number 12—December 2020
Research

Coronavirus Disease Model to Inform Transmission-Reducing Measures and Health System Preparedness, Australia

Robert Moss, James Wood, Damien Brown, Freya M. Shearer, Andrew J. Black, Kathryn Glass, Allen C. Cheng, James M. McCaw, and Jodie McVernonComments to Author 
Author affiliations: The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (R. Moss, F.M. Shearer, J.M. McCaw, J. McVernon); University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J. Wood); The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity at the University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne (D. Brown, J.M. McCaw, J. McVernon); University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (A.J. Black); Australian National University, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia (K. Glass); Monash University, Melbourne (A.C. Cheng); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne (J. McVernon)

Main Article

Table 2

COVID-19 model severity parameter assumptions, relative to all denominator infections*

Age group, y % Hospitalized, range† % Hospitalized in ICU, range‡
0–9
0.03–0.06
0.01–0.02
10–19
0.03–0.06
0.01–0.02
20–29
0.39–0.78
0.11–0.23
30–39
1.4–2.90
0.43–0.85
40–49
2.55–5.11
0.75–1.50
50–59
4.95–9.90
1.45–2.91
60–69
7.75–15.49
2.27–4.55
70–79
17.88–35.76
5.25–10.50
>80
32.97–65.94
9.68–19.36
Mean bed-days
8 d
10 d
*COVID-19, coronavirus disease; ICU, intensive care unit.
†Assumed proportional to ICU values and based on calibration to non–Hubei, China, severe case rates (Appendix).
‡Combines use of data from Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (16) and COVID-19 Task Force of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Computer Service, Italy (17), and assumptions used in Ferguson et al. (18).
§Based on assumptions used in Ferguson et al. (18).

Main Article

References
  1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) weekly epidemiological update 21 Sep 2020 [cited 24 Sep 2020]. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200921-weekly-epi-update-6.pdf
  2. Wu  Z, McGoogan  JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72,314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323:123942. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Chen  N, Zhou  M, Dong  X, Qu  J, Gong  F, Han  Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395:50713. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Remuzzi  A, Remuzzi  G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? Lancet. 2020;395:12258. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Emanuel  EJ, Persad  G, Upshur  R, Thome  B, Parker  M, Glickman  A, et al. Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:204955. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Australian Government Department of Health. Australian health management plan for pandemic influenza, 2019 [cited 2020 May 24]. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-ahmppi.htm
  7. Australian Government Department of Health. Australian health sector emergency response plan for novel coronavirus (COVID-19), 2020 [cited 2020 May 24]. https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/australian-health-sector-emergency-response-plan-for-novel-coronavirus-covid-19
  8. McCaw  JM, Glass  K, Mercer  GN, McVernon  J. Pandemic controllability: a concept to guide a proportionate and flexible operational response to future influenza pandemics. J Public Health (Oxf). 2014;36:512. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Australian Government Department of Health. Coronavirus (COVID-19) current situation and case numbers [cited 2020 Apr 14]. https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert/coronavirus-covid-19-current-situation-and-case-numbers
  10. Moss  R, McCaw  JM, Cheng  AC, Hurt  AC, McVernon  J. Reducing disease burden in an influenza pandemic by targeted delivery of neuraminidase inhibitors: mathematical models in the Australian context. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:552. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Wu  JT, Leung  K, Leung  GM. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet. 2020;395:68997. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Li  Q, Guan  X, Wu  P, Wang  X, Zhou  L, Tong  Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1199207. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Lauer  SA, Grantz  KH, Bi  Q, Jones  FK, Zheng  Q, Meredith  HR, et al. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:57782. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Ganyani  T, Kremer  C, Chen  D, Torneri  A, Faes  C, Wallinga  J, et al. Estimating the generation interval for COVID-19 based on symptom onset data. Euro Surveill. 2020;25:2000257.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Tindale  L, Coombe  M, Stockdale  J, Garlock  E, Lau  W, Saraswat  M, et al. Transmission interval estimates suggest pre-symptomatic spread of COVID-19. eLife. 2020;9:e57149. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre. INRC Case Mix Programme Database, Report on 775 patients critically ill with COVID-19. 2020 Mar 27 [cited 2020 Apr 14]. https://www.icnarc.org/About/Latest-News/2020/03/27/Report-On-775-Patients-Critically-Ill-With-Covid-19
  17. COVID-19 Task Force of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Computer Service, Higher Institute of Health, Italy. Epidemiology of COVID-19, 2020 Mar 26 [in Italian] [cited 2020 Apr 14]. https://www.carditalia.com/epidemia-covid-19-aggiornamento-nazionale-iss-26-marzo-2020
  18. Ferguson  N, Laydon  D, Nedjati-Gilani  G, Imai  N, Ainslie  K, Baguelin  M, et al.; Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team. Report 9: impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand. Imperial College London; 2020 Mar 16.
  19. Lai  S, Ruktanonchai  NW, Zhou  L, Prosper  O, Luo  W, Floyd  JR, et al. Effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain COVID-19 in China. Nature. 2020;585:4103. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Cowling  BJ, Ali  ST, Ng  TWY, Tsang  TK, Li  JCM, Fong  MW, et al. Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5:e27988. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Walker  P, Whittaker  C, Watson  O, Baguelin  M, Ainslie  K, Bhatia  S, et al.; WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics. The global impact of COVID-19 and strategies for mitigation and suppression. Imperial College London; 2020 Mar 26.
  22. Zhang  J, Zhou  L, Yang  Y, Peng  W, Wang  W, Chen  X. Therapeutic and triage strategies for 2019 novel coronavirus disease in fever clinics. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:e112. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Cheng  AC, Holmes  M, Dwyer  DE, Senanayake  S, Cooley  L, Irving  LB, et al. Influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2017: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN). Commun Dis Intell. 2018;2019:43.
  24. Legido-Quigley  H, Asgari  N, Teo  YY, Leung  GM, Oshitani  H, Fukuda  K, et al. Are high-performing health systems resilient against the COVID-19 epidemic? Lancet. 2020;395:84850. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Moss  R, Fielding  JE, Franklin  LJ, Stephens  N, McVernon  J, Dawson  P, et al. Epidemic forecasts as a tool for public health: interpretation and (re)calibration. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2018;42:6976. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Lurie  N, Saville  M, Hatchett  R, Halton  J. Developing Covid-19 vaccines at pandemic speed. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:196973. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: September 24, 2020
Page updated: November 19, 2020
Page reviewed: November 19, 2020
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external