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Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Dispatch

Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by WHO-Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols

Annika Kratzel, Daniel Todt, Philip V’kovski, Silvio Steiner, Mitra Gultom, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Nadine Ebert, Melle Holwerda, Jörg Steinmann, Daniela Niemeyer, Ronald Dijkman, Günter Kampf, Christian Drosten, Eike Steinmann, Volker Thiel, and Stephanie PfaenderComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland (A. Kratzel, P. V’kovski, S. Steiner, M. Gultom, T.T.N. Thao, N. Ebert, M. Holwerda, R. Dijkman, V. Thiel); University of Bern, Bern (A. Kratzel, P. V’kovski, S. Steiner, M. Gultom, T.T.N. Thao, N. Ebert, M. Holwerda, R. Dijkman, V. Thiel); Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (D. Todt, E. Steinmann, S. Pfaender); Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany (J. Steinmann); Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology General Hospital Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany (J. Steinmann); Institute of Virology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany (D. Niemeyer, C. Drosten); Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (G. Kampf)

Main Article

Figure 1

Virucidal activity of original and modified World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended hand rub formulations I and II for inactivating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The means of 3 independent experiments with SDs (error bars) and percentage of inactivation at different concentrations are shown. A) WHO original formulation I; B) WHO original formulation II; C) WHO modified formulation I; D) WHO modified formulation II. Insets in panels C and D show regression anal

Figure 1. Virucidal activity of original and modified World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended hand rub formulations I and II for inactivating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The means of 3 independent experiments with SDs (error bars) and percentage of inactivation at different concentrations are shown. A) WHO original formulation I; B) WHO original formulation II; C) WHO modified formulation I; D) WHO modified formulation II. Insets in panels C and D show regression analyses of the inactivation of coronaviruses. Dark gray bar shows cytotoxic effects, calculated analogous to virus infectivity. Reduction factors are included above the bar. Dilutions of the WHO formulations ranged from 0–80% with an exposure time of 30 s. Viral titers are displayed as TCID50/mL values. BCoV, bovine coronavirus; LLOQ, lower limit of quantification; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TCID50/mL, 50% tissue culture infectious dose.

Main Article

Page created: April 13, 2020
Page updated: June 18, 2020
Page reviewed: June 18, 2020
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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