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Volume 26, Number 8—August 2020
Research

Characterizing Norovirus Transmission from Outbreak Data, United States

Molly K. SteeleComments to Author , Mary E. Wikswo, Aron J. Hall, Katia Koelle, Andreas Handel, Karen Levy, Lance A. Waller, and Ben A. Lopman
Author affiliations: Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.K. Steele, A.J. Hall, K. Koelle, K. Levy, L.A. Waller, B.A. Lopman); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (M.E. Wikswo, A.J. Hall); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA (A. Handel)

Main Article

Table 2

Estimated log-linear change in R0 from the intercept for linear regression of log transformed R0 for norovirus outbreaks reported to the National Outbreak Reporting System, United States, 2009–2017

Category Estimated log-linear change in R0 (95% CI)
Intercept
3.35 (3.26–3.45)
Major setting
Long-term care or assisted living 
facility Referent
Child day care 0.99 (0.95–1.03)
Hospital or healthcare facility 0.93 (0.90–0.97)
Other 0.97 (0.93–1.01)
Private home or residence 0.99 (0.82–1.19)
Restaurant 1.01 (0.91–1.11)
School, college, or university
0.87 (0.85–0.89)
Season
Winter Referent
Fall 1.00 (0.98–1.03)
Spring 0.98 (0.96–1.00)
Summer
0.93 (0.89–0.96)
Outbreak status
Confirmed Referent
Suspected
0.90 (0.88–0.92)
Census region
South Referent
Northeast 0.89 (0.87–0.91)
Midwest 1.00 (0.97–1.02)
West
0.98 (0.95–1.01)
Year
2009 Jan–Jun 1.16 (1.10–1.23)
2009 Jul–2010 Jun 1.17 (1.11–1.23)
2010 Jul–2011 Jun 1.16 (1.12–1.21)
2011 Jul–2012 Jun 1.12 (1.08–1.16)
2012 Jul–2013 Jun 1.04 (1.01–1.07)
2013 Jul–2014 Jun 1.02 (0.99–1.06)
2014 Jul–2015 Jun 1.05 (1.02–1.08)
2015 Jul–2016 Jun 1.02 (0.99–1.05)
2016 Jul–2017 Jun Referent
2017 Jul–Dec 1.04 (1.00–1.09)

Main Article

Page created: May 07, 2020
Page updated: July 17, 2020
Page reviewed: July 17, 2020
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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