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Volume 26, Number 9—September 2020
Research

No Change in Risk for Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonellosis from Beef, United States, 2002–2010

Solenne Costard1, Jane G. Pouzou1, Keith E. Belk, Paul S. Morley, John W. Schmidt, Tommy L. Wheeler, Terrance M. Arthur, and Francisco J. Zagmutt1Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: EpiX Analytics, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (S. Costard, J.G. Pouzou, F.J. Zagmutt); Colorado State University, Fort Collins (K.E. Belk); Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas, USA (P.S. Morley); US Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA (J.W. Schmidt, T.L. Wheeler, T.M. Arthur)

Main Article

Table 2

Confidence in a significant monotonic trend in the data (bootstrapped Mann-Kendall test) and in the difference between posteriors estimates of the last 5 years versus the previous years for measures of beef consumption, NTS illnesses, and risk for antimicrobial resistant salmonellosis from beef, United States*

Variable Monotonic (confidence trend exists), % Last 5 vs. previous years (confidence difference exists), % Years found significantly higher based on all pairwise comparisons†
Mealsres 38.2 68.7 None
Ground 66.6 44.7 None
Intact
 88.0
 93.8
 None
Mealsres,MDR 87.0 86.3 None
Ground 94.5 (D) 85.8 None
Intact
 53.0
 98.4 (D)
 2001
Mealsres,CRR 82.0 85.7 None
Ground 96.7 (D) 94.5 None
Intact
 34.2
 91.4
 None
Illres 82.0 67.2 2003, 2009
Ground 66.8 55.3 2003, 2009, 2014
Intact
 57.3
 69.0
 2003, 2009
Illres,MDR 86.6 87.2 2003
Ground 67.0 57.6 2003, 2014
Intact
 61.9
 84.5
 2000, 2003
Illres,CRR 90.6 100 (D) 2003
Ground 70.1 54.7 2003
Intact
 66.2
 98.6 (D)
 2000, 2003
Pmeal 82.1 84.7 2003, 2009
Ground 62.9 54.7 2003, 2009, 2014
Intact
 56.8
 70.5
 2003, 2009
Pmeal, MDR 86.7 97.7 (D) 2003
Ground 66.9 50.8 2003, 2014
Intact
 61.9
 85.0
 2000, 2003
Pmeal, CRR 91.0 99.9 (D) 2003
Ground 67.2 49.9 2003
Intact
 70.4
 98.7(D)
 2003
Pill 87.3 84.1 2003, 2009
Ground 54.4 75.2 2003, 2009, 2014
Intact
 42.6
 49.9
 2003, 2009
Pill,MDR 82.2 86.0 2003
Ground 46.5 97.6 (I) 2003, 2014
Intact
 53.2
 66.1
 2003
Pill,CRR 87.0 99.6 (D) 2003
Ground 36.8 99.9 (D) 2003, 2014
Intact 70.5 91.7 2000, 2003

*D indicates that a significant decrease was found; I indicates that a significant increase was found, based on a 95% limit. CRR, clinically relevant resistance; Illres, human cases of beef-attributable antibiotic-resistant NTS; Illres,MDR, human cases of beef-attributable MDR NTS; Illres,CRR, human cases of beef-attributable CRR NTS; Mealsres, meals prepared with beef initially contaminated with antibiotic-resistant NTS resistant to >1 antibiotic; Mealsres,MDR, meals prepared with beef initially contaminated with NTS resistant to >2 antibiotics; Mealsres,CRR, meals prepared with beef initially contaminated with NTS with CRR; MDR, multidrug-resistant; NTS, nontyphoidal Salmonella; Pmeal, probability of antibiotic-resistant NTS per meal made with beef of any kind; Pmeal,MDR, probability of MDR NTS per meal made with beef of any kind; Pmeal,CRR, probability of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant NTS per meal made of beef of any kind; Pill, probability of antibiotic-resistant NTS per meal made with beef initially contaminated with antibiotic-resistant NTS; Pill,MDR, probability of MDR NTS per meal made with beef initially contaminated with MDR NTS; Pill,CRR, probability of CRR NTS per meal made with beef initially contaminated with CRR NTS.
†Based on pairwise posterior comparisons between all years.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: July 10, 2020
Page updated: August 26, 2020
Page reviewed: August 26, 2020
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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