Volume 27, Number 1—January 2021
Research
Delineating and Analyzing Locality-Level Determinants of Cholera, Haiti
Karolina Griffiths
, Kenny Moise, Martine Piarroux, Jean Gaudart, Samuel Beaulieu, Greg Bulit, Jean-Petit Marseille, Paul Menahel Jasmin, Paul Christian Namphy, Jean-Hugues Henrys, Renaud Piarroux, and Stanislas Rebaudet
, Kenny Moise, Martine Piarroux, Jean Gaudart, Samuel Beaulieu, Greg Bulit, Jean-Petit Marseille, Paul Menahel Jasmin, Paul Christian Namphy, Jean-Hugues Henrys, Renaud Piarroux, and Stanislas Rebaudet
Table 2
Characteristics for each classification identified for analysis of locality-level determinants of cholera, Haiti*
| Information for each locality | Class 1, n = 651 | Class 2, n = 941 | Class 3, n = 61 | Class 4, n = 77 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median no. suspected cholera cases (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 6 (1–17) |
| Median no. houses (IQR) | 46 (23–86) | 79 (42–127) | 52 (26–79) | 146 (75–315) |
| Median estimated population (IQR) | 212 (106–396) | 364 (194–585) | 240 (120–364) | 673 (346–1,452) |
| Median estimated incidence, cases/10,000 population (IQR) | 0 (0–15.80) | 0 (0–72.31) | 0 (0–111) | 83.0 (8.6–197.2) |
| Median altitude, m (IQR)*† | 665 (520–816) | 287 (232–352) | 284 (227–414) | 339 (265–461) |
| Median distance to nearest improved water source, m (IQR)*† | 1,213 (665–1,819) | 712 (429–1,203) | 721 (263–1,357) | 338 (233–585) |
| Median distance to nearest unimproved water source, m (IQR)*† | 576 (331–1,080) | 439 (317–593) | 163 (136–183) | 347 (274–533) |
| Median distance to nearest river, m (IQR)†‡ | 2,932 (2,047–4,434) | 805 (447–1,346) | 177 (156–193) | 578 (353–1,407) |
| Median distance to nearest road, m (IQR)†‡ | 1,544 (882–2,462) | 390 (133–816) | 210 (70–594) | 135 (29–279) |
| No. (%) markets† | 0 | 0 | 2 (3) | 48 (62) |
| No. (%) rural locations† | 651 (100) | 941 (100) | 57 (93) | 40 (52) |
| Standardized incidence ratio (95% CI), p value | Referent | 1.28 (0.96–1.71), 0.0896 | 1.71 (1.02–2.87), <0.05 | 1.69 (1.25–2.29), <0.01 |
*Class 1 was the reference class, situated at high altitude, and furthest from river and sources. Class 2 was not much more at risk, characterized by a medium distance to roads. Classes 3 and 4 were much more at-risk. Class 3 localities were closer to a river or an unimproved water source and class 4 localities were more often urban with a market. †Active variables used in classification analysis. ‡Transformed to categorical variables for analysis.
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Page updated: December 21, 2020
Page reviewed: December 21, 2020
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