Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 27, Number 1—January 2021
Dispatch

Detection of Norovirus Variant GII.4 Hong Kong in Asia and Europe, 2017−2019

Martin Chi-Wai Chan1, Sunando Roy, Joseph Bonifacio, Lin-Yao Zhang, Preeti Chhabra, Jenny C.M. Chan, Cristina Celma, Mary Ann Igoy, Sin-Leung Lau, Kirran N. Mohammad, Jan Vinjé, Harry Vennema, Judith Breuer, Marion Koopmans, Miranda de GraafComments to Author , and for NOROPATROL2
Author affiliations: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (M.C.-W. Chan, L.-Y. Zhang, J.C.M. Chan, S.-L. Lau, K.N. Mohammad); University College London, London, UK (S. Roy, J. Breuer); Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines (J. Bonifacio, M.A. Igoy); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, J. Vinjé); Public Health England, London (C. Celma); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (H. Vennema); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M. Koopmans, M. de Graaf)

Main Article

Figure 1

Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of complete sequences of the major capsid protein of norovirus GII.4 variants. A) Nucleotide phylogenetic inference was computed using the Tamura-Nei model with gamma distribution of evolutionary rates among sites. A total of 1,617 positions were included in the final dataset. B) Amino acid phylogenetic inference was computed using the Jones-Taylor-Thornton model with gamma distribution of evolutionary rates among sites. A total of 536 positions were included in the final dataset. Best substitution models were selected using the lowest Bayesian Information Criterion scores. Magenta text indicates the 4 GII.4 Hong Kong sequences. Other GII.4 sequences used as references in the human calicivirus typing tool (https://norovirus.ng.philab.cdc.gov) were downloaded from GenBank. Sequence names are in the following format: GenBank accession no., virus strain name, 2-letter code of country/city of collection, year of collection. Bootstrap values >70% (of 100 iterations) are shown at nodes. Tree branches are drawn to scale; scale bars indicate number of substitutions per site. Trees are rooted to the oldest sequences collected from 1970s. GII.4 variants with pandemic spread are shown in bold text and annotated with the year of predominance (e.g., Sydney 2012); those without pandemic spread are labeled with variant names only (e.g., Osaka). AU, Australia; DE, Germany; HK, Hong Kong; IN, India; JP, Japan; NL, the Netherlands; PH, Philippines; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.

Figure 1. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of complete sequences of the major capsid protein of norovirus GII.4 variants. A) Nucleotide phylogenetic inference was computed using the Tamura-Nei model with gamma distribution of evolutionary rates among sites. A total of 1,617 positions were included in the final dataset. B) Amino acid phylogenetic inference was computed using the Jones-Taylor-Thornton model with gamma distribution of evolutionary rates among sites. A total of 536 positions were included in the final dataset. Best substitution models were selected using the lowest Bayesian Information Criterion scores. Magenta text indicates the 4 GII.4 Hong Kong sequences. Other GII.4 sequences used as references in the human calicivirus typing tool (https://norovirus.ng.philab.cdc.gov) were downloaded from GenBank. Sequence names are in the following format: GenBank accession no., virus strain name, 2-letter code of country/city of collection, year of collection. Bootstrap values >70% (of 100 iterations) are shown at nodes. Tree branches are drawn to scale; scale bars indicate number of substitutions per site. Trees are rooted to the oldest sequences collected from 1970s. GII.4 variants with pandemic spread are shown in bold text and annotated with the year of predominance (e.g., Sydney 2012); those without pandemic spread are labeled with variant names only (e.g., Osaka). AU, Australia; DE, Germany; HK, Hong Kong; IN, India; JP, Japan; NL, the Netherlands; PH, Philippines; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Hong Kong, China.

2Members who contributed data are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: November 19, 2020
Page updated: December 21, 2020
Page reviewed: December 21, 2020
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external