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Volume 27, Number 11—November 2021
Dispatch

Epidemiologic Analysis of Efforts to Achieve and Sustain Malaria Elimination along the China–Myanmar Border

Fang Huang, Li Zhang, Hong Tu, Yan-Wen Cui, Shui-Sen Zhou, Zhi-Gui XiaComments to Author , and Hong-Ning ZhouComments to Author 
Author affiliations: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China (F. Huang, L. Zhang, H. Tu, Y.-W. Cui, S.-S. Zhou, Z.-G. Xia); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai (F. Huang, L. Zhang, H. Tu, Y.-W. Cui, S.-S. Zhou, Z.-G. Xia); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai (F. Huang, L. Zhang, H. Tu, Y.-W. Cui, S.-S. Zhou, Z.-G. Xia); National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China (F. Huang, L. Zhang, H. Tu, Y.-W. Cui, S.-S. Zhou, Z.-G. Xia); Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer, China (H.-N. Zhou)

Main Article

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of reported malaria cases in the 18 counties in China along the border with Myanmar, 2013–2019*

Characteristics
 No. cases by year
No. cases by type
 Total cases
 p value†
2013
 2014
 2015
 2016
 2017
 2018
 2019
 Imported
Indigenous
Total cases
 465
 392
 478
 312
 263
 164
 148
2,130
 92
Sex
M 392 349 404 231 179 124 109 1,726 62 1,788 0.0012
F
 73
 43
 74
 81
 84
 40
 39
404
 30
 434
Age group, y
<5 3 9 9 9 10 5 1 41 5 46
5–18 42 20 36 35 37 19 7 176 20 196 <0.0001
19–59 415 357 423 253 202 127 132 1,850 59 1,909
>60
5
 6
 10
 15
 14
 13
 8
63
 8
 71
Occupation‡
Outdoor worker 371 323 323 235 160 95 85 1,536 56 1,592
Indoor worker 37 28 81 10 13 15 21 204 1 205 <0.0001
Unclear 50 35 51 56 84 53 42 348 23 371
Missing
 7
 6
 23
 11
 6
 1
 0
42
 12
 54
Plasmodium spp.
P. vivax 379 330 428 291 253 151 146 1,900 78 1,978
P. falciparum 80 60 48 21 10 9 2 217 13 230
P. malariae 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 4 0 4 0.4653
P. falciparum + P. vivax 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 1 7
P. falciparum + P. ovale
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 3
 0
3
 0
 3
Destination of oversea travel and species
Myanmar 2,056
P. falciparum 71 55 46 16 9 6 1 204 NA
P. vivax 321 294 399 283 246 150 146 1,839 NA
Other species 5 2 2 0 0 4 0 13 NA
Other countries 74
P. falciparum 2 0 1 5 1 3 1 13 NA
P. vivax 19 8 19 7 7 1 0 61 NA

*NA, not available. †The number of cases over years were compared by using a χ2 or Fisher exact test according to sample size (>5 or <5) by SAS software. ‡Outdoor workers are persons whose activity is mostly conducted outside, including architectural engineers, construction workers, farmers, fishermen, overseas migrant workers (expatriate Chinese nationals), open mine workers, sailors or truck drivers, field engineers, herdsmen, military or soldiers, etc. Indoor workers include businessmen, caterers, interpreters, medical staff, office workers, teachers, actors, flight attendants, babysitters, middlemen, cooks, diplomats, financial staff, journalists, underground mine workers, prisoners (although not a worker per se, prisoners were officially classified as an indoor worker since their time is spent indoors), researchers, waiters, etc. Unclear indicates those for whom risk exposure cannot clearly be estimated, including children, retirees, self-employed persons, students, unemployed persons, athletes, tourists, etc. Missing data were not included in the statistical analysis.

Main Article

Page created: August 25, 2021
Page updated: October 19, 2021
Page reviewed: October 19, 2021
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