Volume 27, Number 2—February 2021
Dispatch
Non-Norovirus Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Reported to the National Outbreak Reporting System, USA, 2009–2018
, Molly Dunn, Mary E. Wikswo, Anita Kambhampati, Laura Calderwood, Neha Balachandran, Eleanor Burnett, and Aron J. Hall
Table 1
Summary of outbreak characteristics, by suspected or confirmed outbreak etiology, for outbreaks attributable to adenovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, or sapovirus, National Outbreak Reporting System, USA, 2009–2018*
| Characteristic | Etiology |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | Astrovirus | Rotavirus | Sapovirus | All single-etiology | Multiple etiologies† | |
| No. outbreaks | ||||||
| Total | 4 | 10 | 123 | 107 | 244 | 79 |
| Annual median |
0 |
1 |
9 |
12 |
26 |
4 |
| States or territories |
3 |
6 |
28 |
22 |
32 |
22 |
| Confirmed or suspected | ||||||
| Confirmed | 3 (75) | 5 (50) | 70 (56.9) | 70 (65.4) | 148 (60.7) | 29 (36.7)‡ |
| Suspected, 1 positive | 1 (25) | 5 (50) | 30 (24.4) | 25 (23.4) | 61 (25.0) | 36 (45.6)‡ |
| Suspected, 0 positives |
– |
– |
23 (18.7) |
12 (11.2) |
35 (14.3) |
14 (17.7)‡ |
| Median duration, d (range) |
19 (6–39) |
11 (1–22) |
11 (1–39) |
9 (1–65) |
10 (1–65) |
18 (1–121) |
| Mode of transmission | ||||||
| Person-to-person | 3 (75) | 6 (60) | 104 (84.5) | 77 (72) | 190 (77.9) | 65 (82.3) |
| Foodborne | – | 1 (10) | 4 (3.3) | 15 (14) | 20 (8.2) | 4 (5.1) |
| Waterborne | 1 (25) | – | – | – | 1 (0.4) | – |
| Indeterminate or unknown |
– |
3 (30) |
15 (12.2) |
15 (14) |
33 (13.5) |
10 (12.6) |
| Setting of exposure | ||||||
| Long-term care facility | – | 2 (20) | 80 (65.0) | 63 (58.9) | 145 (59.4) | 26 (32.9) |
| Child daycare | – | 2 (20) | 19 (15.4) | 6 (5.6) | 27 (11.1) | 28 (35.4) |
| School or university | 1 (25) | 3 (30) | 4 (3.3) | 12 (11.2) | 20 (8.2) | 10 (12.7) |
| Restaurant or catering | – | 1 (10) | 2 (1.6) | 13 (12.1) | 16 (6.6) | 2 (2.5) |
| Healthcare facility | 1 (25) | 1 (10) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (1.6) | 3 (3.8) |
| Other, indeterminate, or missing |
2 (50) |
1 (10) |
17 (13.8) |
12 (11.2) |
32 (13.1) |
10 (12.7) |
| Year | ||||||
| 2009 | – | – | 8 (6.5) | 2 (1.9) | 10 (4.1) | 1 (1.3) |
| 2010 | – | – | 7 (5.7) | – | 7 (2.9) | 1 (1.3) |
| 2011 | – | 1 (10) | 6 (4.9) | 3 (2.8) | 10 (4.1) | 4 (5.1) |
| 2012 | 1 (25) | 1 (10) | 5 (4.1) | 10 (9.3) | 17 (7.0) | 3 (3.8) |
| 2013 | – | – | 10 (8.1) | 12 (11.2) | 22 (9.0) | 4 (5.1) |
| 2014 | – | – | 10 (8.1) | 21 (19.6) | 31 (12.7) | 3 (3.8) |
| 2015 | 1 (25) | 2 (20) | 37 (30.1) | 13 (12.1) | 53 (21.7) | 6 (7.6) |
| 2016 | – | 4 (40) | 8 (6.5) | 18 (16.8) | 30 (12.3) | 8 (10.1) |
| 2017 | 1 (25) | 1 (10) | 16 (13.0) | 16 (15.0) | 34 (13.9) | 25 (31.6) |
| 2018 | 1 (25) | 1 (10) | 16 (13.0) | 12 (11.2) | 30 (12.3) | 24 (30.4) |
*Values are no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. –, no outbreak reported. †Outbreaks attributable to adenovirus (14), astrovirus (15), rotavirus (34), or sapovirus (33) along with >1 other etiology. The most common combinations reported were rotavirus and norovirus (19 outbreaks); sapovirus and norovirus (7 outbreaks); sapovirus, norovirus, and astrovirus (7 outbreaks); and adenovirus and norovirus (4 outbreaks). ‡Confirmed or suspected for >1 of the 4 viruses of interest. Suspected (1 positive) outbreaks include 7 outbreaks where 1 viral etiology of interest was confirmed and another viral etiology was suspected, with a single positive result.