Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 27, Number 3—March 2021
Research Letter

Genomic and Pathologic Findings for Prototheca cutis Infection in Cat

Grazieli Maboni1Comments to Author , Jessica A. Elbert1, Justin M. Stilwell, and Susan Sanchez
Author affiliations: University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (G. Maboni); Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Athens, Georgia, USA (G. Maboni, S. Sanchez); University of Georgia, Athens (J.A. Elbert, J.M. Stilwell)

Main Article

Table

Antimicrobial and antifungal MICs and resistance genes identified by whole-genome sequencing of Prototheca cutis isolated from a nasal lesion in a cat*

Class
 MIC, μg/mL
 AMR genes
Antimicrobial testing†
β-lactams Oxa-168, NmcA, OXA-198, IMP-8
Amoxicillin/clavulanate 8
Ampicillin >8
Oxacillin <0.25
Penicillin G 8
Cefazolin >4
Cefovecin >8
Cefpodoxime >8
Cephalothin >4
Imipenem 4
Tetracyclines tet(31)
Doxycycline >0.5
Minocycline 1
Tetracycline >1
Quinolones None found
Enrofloxacin >4
Marbofloxacin 2
Pradofloxacin <0.25
Aminoglycosides AAC(6')-Ij, AAC(3)-Xa, AAC(3)-VIIIa
Amikacin >32
Gentamicin 8
Lincosamides: clindamycin 4 None found
Macrolides: erythromycin >4 None found
Rifamycins: rifampin >2 None found
Nitrofurans: nitrofurantoin >64 None found
Phenicols: chloramphenicol >32 catB10
Sulfonamides: trimethoprim/sulfamethosoxazole <2 None found
Vancomycin
 >16
 vanA, vanRO
Antifungal testing‡ Not investigated
Azoles
Fluconazol >256
Itraconazol >32
Polyenes: amphotericin B 0.19

*AMR genes were identified by using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (https://card.mcmaster.ca). Interpretation of MICs was not included in this table because clinical breakpoints for Prototheca spp. are not available. AMR, antimicrobial resistance.
†Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using a Trek Sensititre Gram Positive panel (TREK Diagnostic Systems, http://www.trekds.com). ‡Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by using MIC test strips (Liofilchem, https://www.liofilchem.com).

Main Article

References
  1. Pal  M, Abraha  A, Rahman  MT, Dave  P. Protothecosis: an emerging algal disease of humans and animals [cited 2020 Jun 17]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266359627_Protothecosis_an_emerging_algal_disease_of_humans_and_animals
  2. Lanotte  P, Baty  G, Senecal  D, Dartigeas  C, Bailly  E, Duong  TH, et al. Fatal algaemia in patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1129–30. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Jagielski  T, Bakula  Z, Gawor  J, Maciszewski  K, Kusber  WH, Dylag  M, et al. The genus Prototheca (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) revisited: implications from molecular taxonomic studies. Algal Res. 2019;43:101639. DOIGoogle Scholar
  4. Satoh  K, Ooe  K, Nagayama  H, Makimura  K. Prototheca cutis sp. nov., a newly discovered pathogen of protothecosis isolated from inflamed human skin. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010;60:1236–40. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Jagielski  T, Gawor  J, Bakuła  Z, Decewicz  P, Maciszewski  K, Karnkowska  A. cytb as a new genetic marker for differentiation of Prototheca species. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56:e00584–18. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Suzuki  S, Endoh  R, Manabe  RI, Ohkuma  M, Hirakawa  Y. Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca. Sci Rep. 2018;8:940. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Pressler  BM, Gookin  JL, Sykes  JE, Wolf  AM, Vaden  SL. Urinary tract manifestations of protothecosis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2005;19:115–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Vince  AR, Pinard  C, Ogilvie  AT, Tan  EO, Abrams-Ogg  AC. Protothecosis in a dog. Can Vet J. 2014;55:950–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Marques  S, Silva  E, Carvalheira  J, Thompson  G. Short communication: In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii isolated from bovine mastitis. J Dairy Sci. 2006;89:4202–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Melville  PA, Watanabe  ET, Benites  NR, Ribeiro  AR, Silva  JA, Garino Junior  F, et al. Evaluation of the susceptibility of Prototheca zopfii to milk pasteurization. Mycopathologia. 1999;146:79–82. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: December 31, 2020
Page updated: February 22, 2021
Page reviewed: February 22, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external