Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 27, Number 3—March 2021
Research

Population-Based Geospatial and Molecular Epidemiologic Study of Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics, Botswana, 2012–2016

Nicola M. ZetolaComments to Author , Patrick K. Moonan, Eleanor Click, John E. Oeltmann, Joyce Basotli, Xiao-Jun Wen, Rosanna Boyd, James L. Tobias, Alyssa Finlay1, and Chawangwa Modongo1
Author affiliations: University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (N.M. Zetola, C. Modongo); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P.K. Moonan, E. Click, J.E. Oeltmann, J. Basotli, X.-J. Wen, R. Boyd, J.L. Tobias, A. Finlay)

Main Article

Table 1

Characteristics of enrolled patients by geography venues for population-based geospatial and molecular epidemiologic study of tuberculosis transmission dynamics, Botswana, 2012–2016*

Characteristic No. (%) patients
Gaborone, n = 2,659 Ghanzi District, n = 723 Other, n = 354†
Sex
M 1,501 (56.4) 403 (55.7) 181 (51.1)
F
1,158 (43.6)
320 (44.3)
173 (48.9)
Age, y
<15 111 (4.2) 91 (12.6) 47 (13.7)
16–24 329 (12.4) 126 (17.5) 32 (9.0)
25–40 1,388 (52.) 269 (37.3) 134 (37.9)
41–64 760 (28.6) 185 (25.6) 113 (31.9)
≥65
71 (2.7)
51 (7.1)
28 (7.9)
Income, Pula
None 855 (32.3) 536 (74.4) 223 (63.4)
<800 186 (7.0) 89 (12.4) 17 (4.8)
801–1,500 646 (24.4) 53 (7.4) 21 (6.0)
1,501–2,999 479 (18.1) 23 (3.2) 39 (11.1)
3,000–4,999 225 (8.5) 9 (1.3) 21 (6.0)
5,000–9,999 184 (7.0) 8 (1.1) 18(5.1)
>10,000
68 (2.6)
2 (0.3)
13 (3.7)
Resided in high-burden geographic area‡ 370 (13.9) 530 (73.3) NA
Excessive alcohol use§ 661 (24.9) 230 (31.8) 51 (14.4)
Current smoker 517 (19.5) 307 (42.5) 45 (12.7)
Unemployed 760 (29.8) 421 (66.6) 178 (58.0)
History of incarceration
143 (5.4)
61 (8.4)
18 (5.1)
HIV status
Positive 1,706 (66.2) 259 (37.4) 221 (63.5)
Negative 872 (30.7) 434 (60.0) 127 (35.9)
Unknown
81 (3.1)
30 (2.6)
6 (0.6)
CD4+ cells/mm3 at diagnosis, if HIV positive
0–199 436 (44.7) 62 (30.8) 83 (54.2)
200–499 383 (39.2) 85 (42.3) 46 (30.1)
≥500
157 (16.1)
54 (26.9)
24 (15.7)
Previous TB episode 444 (16.7) 219 (30.3) 90 (25.4)
Culture positive 1,449 (68.1) 435 (78.0) 125 (47.9)
MDR TB at baseline 27 (1.1) 14 (2.1) 17 (5.8)

*Values are no. (%). MDR TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; NA, not applicable; TB, tuberculosis.
†Includes patients with primary residence outside Gaborone and Ghanzi. Missing residential address, n = 595.
‡Residing in a geographic area with an estimated annualized TB incidence >305 patients/100,000 persons. Excludes 407 patients with culture results but no geocoded residence.
§Five or more drinks/session or drinking on >5 days/month.

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: December 03, 2020
Page updated: February 21, 2021
Page reviewed: February 21, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external