Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 27, Number 5—May 2021
Research

Herd Immunity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in 10 Communities, Qatar

Andrew JeremijenkoComments to Author , Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Moza Alishaq, Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra, Jameela Ali A.A. Al Ajmi, Nasser Ali Asad Al Ansari, Zaina Al Kanaani, Abdullatif Al Khal, Einas Al Kuwari, Ahmed Al-Mohammed, Naema Hassan Abdulla Al Molawi, Huda Mohamad Al Naomi, Adeel A. Butt, Peter Coyle, Reham Awni El Kahlout, Imtiaz Gillani, Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal, Naseer Ahmad Masoodi, Anil George Thomas, Hanaa Nafady-Hego, Ali Nizar Latif, Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik, Nourah B.M. Younes, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Hadi M. Yassine, Mohamed G. Al Kuwari, Hamad Eid Al Romaihi, Mohamed H. Al-Thani, Roberto Bertollini, and Laith J. Abu-RaddadComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A. Jeremijenko, M. Alishaq, A.-B. Abou-Samra, J.A.A.A. Al Ajmi, N.A.A. Al Ansari, Z. Al Kanaani, A. Al Khal, E. Al Kuwari, A. Al-Mohammed, N.H.A. Al Molawi, H.M. Al Naomi, A.A. Butt, P. Coyle, R.A. El Kahlout, I. Gillani, A.H. Kaleeckal, N.A. Masoodi, A.G. Thomas, H. Nafady-Hego, A.N. Latif, R.H. Shaik, N.B.M. Younes); Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar of Cornell University, Doha (H. Chemaitelly, L.J. Abu-Raddad); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Doha (H. Chemaitelly, L.J. Abu-Raddad); Qatar University, Doha (H.H. Ayoub, H.F. Abdul Rahim, H.M. Yassine); Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt (H. Nafady-Hego); Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha (M.G. Al Kuwari); Ministry of Public Health, Doha (H.E. Al Romaihi, M.H. Al-Thani, R. Bertollini); Cornell University, New York, New York, USA (A.A. Butt, L.J. Abu-Raddad)

Main Article

Table 1

Characteristics of 10 CMWs and associations with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, indicated by detectable antibodies in serologic samples, Qatar*

Characteristic No. (%)† tested SARS-CoV-2 seropositive
 Univariable regression analysis
 Multivariable regression analysis‡
No. %§ (95% CI) p value OR (95% CI) p value¶ OR (95% CI) p value#
Sex
M 4,721 (95.0) 3,153 66.8 (65.4–68.1) <0.001 Referent Referent
F
 249 (5.0)
 46
 18.5 (13.9–23.9)
0.11 (0.08–0.16)
 <0.001
0.13 (0.09–0.19)
 <0.001
Age, y
<29 1,579 (31.8) 1,031 65.3 (62.9–67.6) <0.001 Referent Referent
30–39 1,973 (39.7) 1,226 62.1 (60.0–64.3) 0.87 (0.76–1.00) 0.052 0.90 (0.78–1.05) 0.178
40–49 1,040 (20.9) 680 65.4 (62.4–68.3) 1.00 (0.85–1.18) 0.962 1.12 (0.93–1.35) 0.216
>50 339 (6.8) 225 66.4 (61.1–71.4) 1.05 (0.82–1.34) 0.705 1.21 (0.92–1.59) 0.170
Missing
 39 (0.8)
 37
 94.9 (82.7–99.4)
9.83 (2.36–40.95)
 0.002
9.57 (2.22–41.32)
 0.002
Nationality
Other** 125 (2.5) 40 32.0 (23.9–40.9) <0.001 Referent Referent
Filipino 186 (3.7) 68 36.6 (29.6–43.9) 1.22 (0.76–1.98) 0.408 2.23 (1.32–3.75) 0.003
Sri Lankan 147 (3.0) 77 52.4 (44.0–60.7) 2.34 (1.42–3.84) 0.001 2.81 (1.66–4.76) <0.001
Kenyan 152 (3.1) 77 50.7 (42.4–58.9) 2.18 (1.33–3.57) 0.002 3.43 (1.99–5.90) <0.001
Indian 1,647 (33.1) 1,035 62.8 (60.5–65.2) 3.59 (2.44–5.30) <0.001 3.60 (2.40–5.41) <0.001
Nepalese 2,136 (43.0) 1,468 68.7 (66.7–70.7) 4.67 (3.17–6.88) <0.001 4.93 (3.27–7.42) <0.001
Bangladeshi
 577 (11.6)
 434
 75.2 (71.5–78.7)
6.45 (4.23–9.82)
 <0.001
6.78 (4.31–10.66)
 <0.001
CMW community
5 443 (8.9) 243 54.9 (50.1–59.6) <0.001 Referent Referent
4 534 (10.7) 330 61.8 (57.5–65.9) 1.33 (1.03–1.72) 0.028 1.12 (0.83–1.52) 0.449
10 957 (19.3) 620 64.8 (61.7–67.8) 1.51 (1.20–1.90) <0.001 1.30 (1.02–1.65) 0.034
7 188 (3.8) 122 64.9 (57.6–71.7) 1.52 (1.07–2.17) 0.020 1.31 (0.91–1.89) 0.154
6 1,505 (30.3) 946 62.9 (60.4–65.3) 1.39 (1.12–1.73) 0.002 1.32 (1.06–1.66) 0.015
2 456 (9.2) 282 61.8 (57.2–66.3) 1.33 (1.02–1.74) 0.034 1.46 (1.08–1.96) 0.013
9 202 (4.1) 126 62.4 (55.3–69.1) 1.36 (0.97–1.92) 0.074 1.71 (1.18–2.48) 0.005
8 139 (2.8) 93 66.9 (58.4–74.6) 1.66 (1.12–2.48) 0.013 1.92 (1.25–2.95) 0.003
1 255 (5.1) 193 75.7 (69.9–80.8) 2.56 (1.82–3.61) <0.001 2.52 (1.75–3.62) <0.001
3 291 (5.9) 244 83.8 (79.1–87.9) 4.27 (2.97–6.15) <0.001 3.49 (2.41–5.07) <0.001

*CMW, craft and manual worker; OR, odds ratio; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
†Percentage of total sample.
‡Pseudo-R2 value in the multivariable logistic regression model is 7.1%.
§Percent seropositive of those tested.
¶Covariates with p <0.2 in univariable analysis (i.e., sex, age, nationality, and CMW community) were included in the multivariable analysis.
#Covariates with p <0.05 in multivariable analysis (i.e., sex, nationality, and CMW community) were considered predictors of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.
**Includes all other nationalities that contributed <10% of the sample in each community. These are: Canadian, Egyptian, Ethiopian, Georgian, Ghanaian, Indonesian, Iraqi, Jordanian, Lebanese, Nigerian, Pakistani, Palestinian, Somali, Tanzanian, Tunisian, Ugandan, and Yemeni.

Main Article

Page created: March 02, 2021
Page updated: April 20, 2021
Page reviewed: April 20, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external