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Volume 27, Number 5—May 2021
Research

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Circulation and Diversity through Community Wastewater Sequencing, the Netherlands and Belgium

Ray Izquierdo-Lara, Goffe Elsinga, Leo Heijnen, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Claudia M.E. Schapendonk, David Nieuwenhuijse, Matthijs Kon, Lu Lu, Frank M. Aarestrup, Samantha Lycett, Gertjan Medema1, Marion P.G. Koopmans1, and Miranda de Graaf1Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Izquierdo-Lara, B.B. Oude Munnink, C.M.E. Schapendonk, D. Nieuwenhuijse, M. Kon, M.P.G. Koopmans, M. de Graaf); KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (G. Elsinga, L. Heijnen, G. Medema); University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (L. Lu, S. Lycett); Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (F.M. Aarestrup)

Main Article

Table 1

Overview of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater samples sequenced during study of circulation and diversity through community wastewater sequencing, the Netherlands and Belgium*

Sample no.
 Sample ID
 Date
 Country
 Sampling location
 Target Ct†
Coverage, %
N1
 N2
 N3
 E
 Nanopore
 Illumina
1 92499 2020 Mar 25 Netherlands Heeswijk-Dinther 32.9 32.1 30.7 30.8 94.4 ND
2 92502 2020 Mar 25 Netherlands Apeldoorn 36.6 34.9 33.2 33.3 74.9 19.4
3 92503 2020 Mar 25 Netherlands Amersfoort 34.9 33.1 31.8 32.1 87.8 ND
4 92504 2020 Mar 25 Netherlands Utrecht 31.8 30.9 29.8 29.9 95.2 ND
5 92505 2020 Mar 25 Netherlands Utrecht Overvecht 32.3 31.1 30.1 30.1 92.4 ND
6 92506 2020 Mar 25 Netherlands Schiphol 32.7 32.0 30.8 30.7 92.2 65.6
7 92508 2020 Mar 25 Netherlands Amsterdam West 31.8 30.7 29.7 29.9 97.0 ND
8 92509 2020 Mar 25 Netherlands Tilburg 33.0 32.2 31.2 31.0 78.8 65.5
9 92719 2020 Mar 30 Netherlands Franeker 31.8 30.8 31.2 30.7 97.7/50.9‡ 78.2
10 92721 2020 Mar 30 Netherlands Beverwijk 32.6 31.4 31.8 30.8 93.7 47.7
11 92722 2020 Mar 30 Netherlands Katwoude 32.9 32.6 32.7 31.4 84.6 53.9
12 92723 2020 Mar 30 Netherlands Wervershoof 33.1 32.3 32.5 31.1 96.6 43.2
13 92848 2020 Apr 1 Netherlands Amersfoort 33.6 32.1 32.3 31.6 96.6 39.4
14 92849 2020 Apr 1 Netherlands Utrecht 32.4 31.4 31.8 30.6 57.8 48.5
15 92851 2020 Apr 1 Netherlands Schiphol 33.7 33.1 33.4 32.3 89.4 53.5
16 92852 2020 Apr 1 Netherlands Amsterdam West 31.8 30.6 30.9 29.9 99.2/97.1‡ 59.1
17 92853 2020 Apr 1 Netherlands Tilburg 33.5 32.6 32.6 32.0 91.2 ND
18 92943 2020 Apr 2 Belgium Langemark 33.2 33.3 33.1 32.2 60.3 ND
19 92947 2020 Apr 2 Belgium Lo-Reninge 34.6 34.2 34.5 33.4 71.3 ND
20 92949 2020 Apr 2 Belgium Properinge 34.5 33.4 33.4 32.4 65.6 65.6
21 92965 2020 Apr 2 Netherlands Delft 32.9 32.9 32.9 31.5 91.7 52.4
22 93030 2020 Apr 5 Belgium Aartselaar 33.2 32.4 31.6 31.4 89.9 61.2
23 93032 2020 Apr 5 Belgium Gent 34.2 33.7 32.6 32.1 63.2 46.9
24 93034 2020 Apr 5 Belgium Leuven 33.6 33.4 32.1 31.4 70.2 37.6
25 93036 2020 Apr 5 Belgium Tienen 33.3 32.6 31.2 30.8 88.1 41.5
26 93818 2020 Apr 8 Netherlands Amersfoort 34.9 34.3 33.4 32.4 37.5 ND
27 93820 2020 Apr 9 Netherlands Utrecht 32.8 32.2 31.2 30.8 55.2 ND
28 93822 2020 Apr 9 Netherlands Amsterdam West 32.6 25.1 31.6 30.9 87.3 ND
29 93823 2020 Apr 9 Netherlands Schiphol 33.0 33.2 32.2 31.3 67.3 43.5
30 93825 2020 Apr 8 Netherlands Delft 33.9 33.7 32.7 32.0 63.9 64.3
31 93828 2020 Apr 9 Netherlands Tilburg 35.2 34.6 33.1 32.7 31.2 ND
32 93948 2020 Apr 14 Netherlands Heeswijk-Dinther 35.8 34.6 33.6 32.7 18.8 ND
33 93950 2020 Apr 15 Netherlands Wervershoof 34.9 34.3 33.1 32.5 60.7 ND
34 94330 2020 Apr 21 Netherlands Utrecht1 35.1 34.4 33.2 33.5 41.7 ND
35 94331 2020 Apr 21 Netherlands Utrecht2 35.7 34.1 34.2 33.7 38.6 ND
36 94334 2020 Apr 21 Netherlands Amsterdam West 34.0 33.3 32.4 32.0 66.7 ND
37 94335 2020 Apr 21 Netherlands Schiphol 33.8 34.1 32.9 33.7 40.1 43.0
38 94337 2020 Apr 21 Netherlands Delft 35.7 34.1 34.1 33.8 34.2 ND
39 94339 2020 Apr 21 Netherlands Tilburg 34.8 35.4 34.7 36.0 11.2 80.3
40 94602 2020 Apr 29 Netherlands Utrecht 35.6 34.3 33.0 34.2 29.6 ND
41 94604 2020 Apr 29 Netherlands Amsterdam West 34.9 34.6 32.8 33.6 15.0 ND
42 94605 2020 Apr 29 Netherlands Schiphol 34.6 35.1 33.6 33.2 21.3 35.2
43 94607 2020 Apr 25 Netherlands Delft 35.8 36.2 34.4 34.0 15.3 ND
44 94976 2020 May 7 Netherlands Utrecht 35.5 36.0 35.1 33.5 6.3 ND
45 94978 2020 May 7 Netherlands Amsterdam West 35.0 34.8 34.5 33.7 19.8 ND
46 94982 2020 May 6 Netherlands Delft 35.1 35.9 34.7 33.7 18.7 ND
47 95550 2020 May 13 Netherlands Utrecht ND 34.4 ND 32.0 3.0 ND
48 95552 2020 May 13 Netherlands Amsterdam West ND 34.2 ND 32.8 20.4 ND
49 95556 2020 May 12 Netherlands Delft ND 34.4 ND 34.1 0 ND
50 95558 2020 May 13 Netherlands Tilburg ND 34.3 ND 36.1 0 ND
51 95793 2020 May 19 Netherlands Utrecht ND 35.1 ND 34.9 0 ND
52 95794 2020 May 19 Netherlands Amsterdam West ND 35.1 ND 34.2 7.7 ND
53 96925 2020 Jun 2 Netherlands Utrecht ND 35.2 ND 37.1 0 ND
54 96927 2020 Jun 2 Netherlands Schiphol ND 32.5 ND 31.1 30.8 34.0
55 97044 2020 Jun 3 Netherlands Delft ND 35.7 ND 33.5 8.2 ND

*Ct, cycle threshold; E, envelope; N, nucleocapsid; ND, not determined; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
†Three primer–probe sets targeting the N1–N3 genes and 1 targeting the E gene.
‡These samples were sequenced twice.

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 02, 2021
Page updated: April 20, 2021
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