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Volume 27, Number 5—May 2021
Research

Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection among Farmworkers, California, USA, June–November 2020

Joseph A. Lewnard1Comments to Author , Ana M. Mora1, Oguchi Nkwocha, Katherine Kogut, Stephen A. Rauch, Norma Morga, Samantha Hernandez, Marcus P. Wong, Karen Huen, Kristin Andrejko, Nicholas P. Jewell, Kimberly L. Parra, Nina Holland, Eva Harris, Maximiliano Cuevas, Brenda Eskenazi, and on behalf of the CHAMACOS-Project-19 Study Team2
Author affiliations: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA (J.A. Lewnard, A.M. Mora, K. Kogut, S.A. Rauch, S. Hernandez, M.P. Wong, K. Huen, K. Andrejko, N.P. Jewell, N. Holland, E. Harris, B. Eskenazi); Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica (A.M. Mora); Clínica de Salud del Valle de Salinas, Salinas, California, USA (O. Nkwocha, N. Morga, M. Cuevas); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (N.P. Jewell); University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA (K.L. Parra)

Main Article

Table 2

Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and SARS-CoV-2 infection among persons recruited for cross-sectional study of farmworkers, Monterey County, California, USA, July 16–November 30, 2020*

Characteristics Enrollees, no. (%)
All, n = 1,115 Clinic, n = 565 Outreach, n = 550
Age range, y
18–29 277 (24.8) 140 (24.7) 137 (24.9)
30–39 274 (24.6) 136 (24.0) 138 (25.1)
40–49 298 (26.7) 163 (28.8) 135 (24.5)
50–59 200 (17.9) 90 (15.9) 110 (20.0)
>60
66 (5.9)
36 (6.4)
30 (5.5)
Sex
F 586 (52.6) 302 (53.5) 284 (51.6)
M
529 (47.4)
263 (46.5)
266 (48.4)
Country of birth
Mexico 929 (83.3) 486 (86.0) 443 (80.5)
United States 142 (12.7) 49 (8.7) 93 (16.9)
Other
44 (3.9)
30 (5.3)
14 (2.5)
Language spoken at home
Spanish 948 (85.0) 460 (81.4) 488 (88.7)
English 57 (5.1) 21 (3.7) 36 (6.5)
Indigenous language
110 (9.9)
84 (14.9)
26 (4.7)
Education n = 1,114 n = 564 n = 550
Never attended school 62 (5.6) 48 (8.5) 14 (2.5)
Some primary school 430 (38.6) 229 (40.5) 201 (36.5)
Primary school complete 238 (21.3) 119 (21.1) 119 (21.6)
Some high school 142 (12.7) 68 (12.0) 74 (13.5)
High school complete
242 (21.7)
100 (17.7)
142 (25.8)
Family income, US $ n = 1,059 n = 536 n =523
<25,000 560 (52.8) 291 (54.3) 269 (51.4)
25,000–34,999 260 (24.6) 112 (20.9) 148 (28.3)
35,000–49,999 162 (15.3) 86 (16.0) 76 (14.5)
>50,000
77 (7.3)
47 (8.8)
30 (5.7)
Years in United States n = 1,114 n = 564 n = 550
<15 262 (26.9) 157 (30.4) 105 (23.0)
15–19 194 (19.9) 110 (21.3) 84 (18.4)
20–29 299 (30.7) 141 (27.3) 158 (34.6)
>30
217 (22.3)
107 (20.7)
110 (24.1)
H2A visa holder n = 960 n = 509 n = 451
Holds H2A visa
65 (6.8)
20 (4.0)
45 (10.0)
Body mass index n = 1,087 n = 545 n = 542
<18.5, underweight 4 (0.4) 2 (0.4) 2 (0.4)
18.5–24.9, normal 194 (17.8) 106 (19.4) 88 (16.2)
25–29.9 overweight 423 (38.9) 212 (38.9) 211 (38.9)
>30, obese
466 (42.9)
225 (41.3)
241 (44.5)
Smoking n = 1,114 n = 564 n = 550
Never smoked 907 (81.4) 460 (81.6) 447 (81.3)
Former smoker 158 (14.2) 86 (15.2) 72 (13.1)
Current smoker
49 (4.4)
18 (3.2)
31 (5.6)
Recent COVID-19 symptoms n = 1,108 n = 565 n = 543
Symptoms in preceding 2 weeks
301 (27.2)
200 (35.8)
101 (18.4)
History of COVID-19 symptoms n = 1,108 n = 558 n = 550
Symptoms since pandemic started in December 2019
457 (41.2)
266 (47.7)
191 (34.7)
SARS-CoV-2 infection n = 1,111 n = 563 n = 548
Positive TMA result
141 (12.7)
105 (18.7)
36 (6.6)
Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection n = 1,058 n = 526 n = 532
Positive antibody result 201 (19.0) 97 (18.4) 104 (19.5)

*Clinic participants are those recruited on clinic premises, where they might have been seeking care for COVID-19 or any other illness. Outreach participants are those recruited at mobile testing operations in the community, who were not seeking medical care. COVID-19, coronavirus disease; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification nucleic acid assay.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

2Members of the CHAMACOS-Project-19 Study Team are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: February 27, 2021
Page updated: April 20, 2021
Page reviewed: April 20, 2021
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