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Volume 27, Number 6—June 2021
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in a Large Metropolitan Center, Mexico–United States Border, 2009–2019

Oscar E. ZazuetaComments to Author , Paige A. Armstrong, Adriana Márquez-Elguea, Néstor Saúl Hernández Milán, Amy E. Peterson, Diego F. Ovalle-Marroquín, Maria Fierro, Rodolfo Arroyo-Machado, Moises Rodriguez-Lomeli, Guillermo Trejo-Dozal, and Christopher D. Paddock
Author affiliations: Secretariat of Health of Baja California (Instituto de Servicios de Salud Pública del Estado de Baja California), Mexicali, Mexico (O.E. Zazueta, A. Márquez-Elguea, N.S.H. Milán, D.F. Ovalle-Marroquín, R. Arroyo-Machado, M. Rodriguez-Lomeli, G. Trejo-Dozal); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P.A. Armstrong, A.E. Peterson, C.D. Paddock); Imperial Country Public Health Department, El Centro, California, USA (M. Fierro)

Main Article

Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with PCR- and IFA-positive cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Mexicali, Mexico, 2009–2019*

Characteristic Total PCR-positive IFA-positive p value
No. patients
759
341
418

Sex
F 433 (57.05) 170 (49.85) 263 (62.92) <0.001
M
326 (42.95)
171 (50.15)
155 (37.08)

Age, y (mean ± SD) 23.94 (± 17.67) 24.38 (± 18.89) 23.59 (± 16.62) 0.540
Hospitalized 394 (51.91) 271 (79.47) 123 (29.43) <0.001
Died
136 (17.92)
125 (36.66)
11 (2.63)
<0.001
Signs and symptoms
Fever 759 (100) 341 (100) 418 (100) 0.999
Headache 656 (86.43) 288 (84.46) 368 (88.04) 0.166
Myalgia 468 (61.66) 229 (67.16) 239 (57.18) 0.005
Arthralgia 403 (53.10) 197 (57.77) 206 (49.28) 0.023
Retro orbital pain 82 (10.80) 26 (7.04) 58 (13.88) 0.003
Rash 328 (43.27) 181 (53.24) 147 (35.17) <0.001
Pruritis 139 (18.31) 56 (16.42) 83 (19.86) 0.258
Vomiting 322 (42.42) 188 (55.13) 134 (32.06) <0.001
Nausea 366 (48.22) 206 (60.41) 160 (38.28) <0.001
Chills 274 (36.10) 127 (37.24) 147 (35.17) 0.595
Photophobia 78 (10.28) 29 (8.50) 49 (11.72) 0.152
Abdominal pain 345 (45.45) 191 (56.01) 154 (36.84) <0.001
Diarrhea 188 (24.77) 112 (32.84) 76 (18.18) <0.001
Conjunctivitis 110 (14.49) 40 (11.73) 70 (16.75) 0.062
Nasal congestion 109 (14.36) 34 (9.97) 75 (17.94) 0.002
Cough 189 (24.93) 72 (21.18) 117 (27.99) 0.035
Pharyngitis 156 (20.58) 69 (20.23) 87 (20.86) 0.857
Rhinitis 106 (13.97) 34 (9.97) 72 (17.22) 0.004
Hepatomegaly 68 (8.96) 44 (12.90) 24 (5.74) 0.001
Splenomegaly 31 (4.08) 21 (6.16) 10 (2.39) 0.010
Adenomegaly 17 (2.24) 7 (2.05) 10 (2.39) 0.810
Jaundice 40 (5.27) 26 (7.62) 14 (3.35) 0.013
Hemorrhage 87 (11.46) 60 (17.60) 27 (6.46) <0.001
Seizures 32 (4.22) 30 (8.80) 2 (0.48) <0.001

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. We excluded from these analyses 20 patients who were positive by both assays.

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Page created: April 15, 2021
Page updated: May 20, 2021
Page reviewed: May 20, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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