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Susceptibility of Well-Differentiated Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures from Domestic and Wild Animals to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Mitra Gultom, Matthias Licheri, Laura Laloli, Manon Wider, Marina Strässle, Philip V’kovski¹, Silvio Steiner, Annika Kratzel, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Lukas Probst, Hanspeter Stalder, Jasmine Portmann, Melle Holwerda, Nadine Ebert, Nadine Stokar-Regenscheit, Corinne Gurtner, Patrik Zanolari, Horst Posthaus, Simone Schuller, Amanda Vicente-Santos, Andres Moreira-Soto, Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar, Nicolas Ruggli, Gergely Tekes, Veronika von Messling, Bevan Sawatsky, Volker Thiel, and Ronald Dijkman

Author affiliations: Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M. Gultom, M. Licheri, L. Laloli, M. Wider, M. Strässle, L. Probst, M. Holwerda, R. Dijkman); University of Bern Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Bern (M. Gultom, L. Laloli, M. Strässle, P. V’kovski, S. Steiner, A. Kratzel, T.T.N. Thao, H. Stalder, J. Portmann, M. Holwerda, N. Ebert, N. Stokar-Regenscheit, C. Gurtner, H. Posthaus, V. Thiel, R. Dijkman); Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland (M. Gultom, L. Laloli, M. Strässle, P. V’kovski, S. Steiner, A. Kratzel, T.T.N. Thao, H. Stalder, J. Portmann, M. Holwerda, N. Ebert, V. Thiel, R. Dijkman); University of Bern Graduate School for Biomedical Science, Bern (M. Gultom, L. Laloli, S. Steiner, A. Kratzel, T.T.N. Thao, L. Probst, M. Holwerda); Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern (M. Strässle); Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern (N. Stokar-Regenscheit, C. Gurtner, H. Posthaus); Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern (P. Zanolari); University of Bern Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Bern (S. Schuller); Virology-Research Center for tropical diseases (CIET), University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica (A. Vicente-Santos, A. Moreira-Soto, E. Corrales-Aguilar); Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany (A. Moreira-Soto); Institute of Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (G. Tekes); Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen,; Germany (V. von Messling, B. Sawatsky)

Main Article

Optimized epidermal growth factor, retinoic acid, hydrocortisone, and DAPT concentration in the air-liquid interface medium for differentiation of the animal airway epithelial cell cultures*

Animal species	No. donors	Source	End concentration additives in ALI medium
Animal species	No. donors	Source	EGF	RA	HC	DAPT
Monkey (Rhesus macaque)	2	Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany	5 ng/mL	50 nM	0.48 μg/mL	NS
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)	2	Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany	12.5 ng/mL	100 nM	0.48 μg/mL	2.5 μM
Cat (Felis catus)	2	Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany	25 ng/mL	50 nM	0.072 μg/mL	NS
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)	1	Institute of Animal Pathology, Bern, Switzerland	25 ng/mL	50 nM	0.072 μg/mL	NS
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)	1	Slaughterhouse, Bern, Switzerland	25 ng/mL	50 nM	0.48 μg/mL	NS
Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)	2	Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland	25 ng/mL	70 nM	0.072 μg/mL	NS
Cattle (Bos taurus)	1	Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland	25 ng/mL	50 nM	0.48 μg/mL	2.5 μM
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)	2	Slaughterhouse, Bern, Switzerland	12.5 ng/mL	50 nM	0.48 μg/mL	2.5 μM
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)	1	Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland	5 ng/mL	50 nM	0.072 μg/mL	NS
Llama (Llama glama)	2	Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland	5 ng/mL	50 nM	0.072 μg/mL	NS
Bat (Sturnira lilium)	1	Costa Rica, (CIET-315–2013; permit 1841/14)	5 ng/mL	50 nM	0.48 μg/mL	NS
Bat (Carollia perspicillata)	1	Costa Rica (CIET-315–2013; permit 1841/14)	5 ng/mL	50 nM	0.48 μg/mL	NS

*ALI, air-liquid interface; DAPT, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (a γ-secretase inhibitor); EGF, epidermal growth factor; HC, hydrocortisone; NS, not added as supplement; RA, retinoic acid.

Main Article

¹Current affiliation: Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Page created: June 16, 2021

Page updated: June 16, 2021

Page reviewed: June 16, 2021

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