Volume 27, Number 8—August 2021
Research Letter
Linezolid- and Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci in Raw Commercial Dog Food, Europe, 2019–2020
, and from the ESCMID Study Group on Food- and Water-borne Infections (EFWISG)
Table
Characterization of Enterococcus isolates obtained from raw dog food samples, Porto, Portugal, 2019–2020*
| Species | cgMLST† | MLST‡ | Sample (brand)§ | Antimicrobial drug resistance profile# | Antibiotic resistance genotype | MIC LIN, mg/L |
Transfer of LinR genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. faecalis | CT1206 | ST40 | Duck (B) | ERY, TET, CHL, LIN | optrA, fexA, cat, erm(B), Isa(A), tet(M), dfr(G) | 8 | – |
| CT1207 | ST674 | Salmon (A) | CIP, ERY, TET, STR, CHL, LIN | optrA, cfrD, fexA, cat, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, erm(B), Isa(A), tet(M), tet(L), dfr(G) | 8 | ++ | |
| CT1205 | ST1008 | Turkey (A)¶ | ERY, TET, GEN, STR, CHL | optrA, poxtA, fexB, cat, aac(6')-aph(2”), ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, erm(B), lnu(B), Isa(A), Isa(E), tet(M), tet(L), dfr(G) | 4 | – | |
| CT1205 | ST1008 | Turkey (A)¶ | ERY, TET, STR, CHL | optrA, poxtA, fexB, cat, aac(6')-aph(2”), ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, erm(B), lnu(B), Isa(A), Isa(E), tet(M), tet(L), dfr(G) | 4 | – | |
| CT1209 | ST1008 | Chicken + lamb (A) | ERY, TET, STR, CHL, LIN | optrA, poxtA, fexB, cat, aac(6')-aph(2”), ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, erm(B), lnu(B), Isa(A), Isa(E), tet(M), tet(L), dfr(G) | 8 | – | |
| CT1208 |
ST1009 |
Turkey + goose (B) |
ERY, CHL, LIN |
optrA, cfrD, fexA, cat, erm(B), Isa(A), dfr(G) |
8 |
– |
|
| E. faecium | CT106 | ST80 | Salmon (A) | AMP (>256 mg/L), CIP, ERY, TET, GEN, STR, QD | aac(6')-aph(2”), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, erm(B), msr(C), tet(M), tet(L), dfr(G) | ND | NA |
| CT284 | ST25 | Beef (A) | AMP (32 mg/L), CIP, ERY, TET, GEN, STR, QD, CHL | poxtA, fexB, aac(6')-aph(2”), ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, erm(A), erm(B), msr(C), Inu(B), Isa(E), tet(M), tet(L), dfr(G) | 4 | – | |
| CT374 | ST264 | Beef (A) | AMP (32 mg/L), CIP, TET, STR, QD | cat, ant(6)-Ia, Inu(G), tet(M), tet(L), dfr(G) | ND | NA | |
| CT272 | ST1091 | Duck (B) | AMP (>256 mg/L), CIP, ERY, TET, STR, QD | ant(9)-Ia, erm(A), erm(B), msr(C), tet(M), tet(L), dfr(G) | ND | NA | |
| CT3399 | ST1263 | Deer (B) | AMP, ERY, TET, STR, QD, CHL | poxtA, fexB, cat, ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, aph(3′)-III, erm(A), msr(C), Inu(B), Isa(E), tet(L), dfr(G) | 4 | + |
*AMP, ampicillin; cgMLST, core-genome MLST; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CHL, chloramphenicol; CT, complex type; ERY, erythromycin; GEN, high-level resistance to gentamicin; LIN, linezolid; LinR, linezolid-resistant; MLST, multilocus sequence typing; NA, not applicable; ND, not done: QD, quinupristin/dalfopristin; STR, high-level resistance to streptomycin; ST, sequence type: +, positive (transfer frequency of 10−8); ++, positive (transfer frequency of 10−7); –, negative. †The E. faecalis CT1205-CT1209 and the E. faecium CT3399 were identified in this study by submitting them to the cgMLST database (https://www.cgMLST.org) through Ridom SeqSphere+ version 7.2 software (https://www.ridom.de/seqsphere). ‡The novel E. faecalis ST1008–ST1009 were submitted to the MLST database (https://www.pubmlst.org). §Brand A is produced in Europe; Brand B is produced in the United Kingdom. ¶These 2 samples correspond to 2 different batches and were acquired at different times (October 2019 and January 2020). #QD resistance was tested only against E. faecium isolates. Successful transfer of ampicillin resistance is underlined (AMP) and all transconjugants exhibited high values of ampicillin resistance (16–256 mg/L).and.
1These authors were co–principal investigators.
2These authors are active EFWISG members.