Volume 28, Number 11—November 2022
Research
Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection in Adults, Catalonia, Spain
Elena Roel, Berta Raventós, Edward Burn, Andrea Pistillo, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, and Talita Duarte-Salles
Table
Population characteristics in study of socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination and infection, Catalonia, Spain, 2020–2021*
| Characteristic | Population | Vaccinated† | Infected with COVID-19 | Hospitalized with COVID-19 | COVID-19–related death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2,297,146 (100.0) | 1,852,361 (82.0) | 134,966 (5.9) | 16,921 (0.7) | 1,881 (0.1) |
| Loss to follow-up | 38,280 (1.7) | 0 | 3,580 (9.4) | 1,779 (4.6) | 1,881 (4.9) |
| Median age, y (IQR) |
57 (48–69) |
59 (49–71) |
54 (47–66) |
66 (55–77) |
84 (76–89) |
| Age category, y | |||||
| 40–49 | 694,924 (30.3) | 481,716 (70.2) | 47,121 (6.8) | 2,330 (0.3) | 10 (0.0) |
| 50–59 | 582,558 (25.4) | 473,371 (82.1) | 38,092 (6.5) | 3,530 (0.6) | 64 (0.0) |
| 60–69 | 450,173 (19.6) | 385,155 (86.6) | 23,525 (5.2) | 3,815 (0.8) | 162 (0.0) |
| 70–79 | 345,152 (15.0) | 316,244 (93.2) | 15,221 (4.4) | 3,793 (1.1) | 402 (0.1) |
| >80 |
224,339 (9.8) |
195,875 (92.6) |
11,007 (4.9) |
3,453 (1.5) |
1,243 (0.6) |
| Sex | |||||
| F | 1,200,296 (52.3) | 987,415 (83.5) | 71,185 (5.9) | 7,262 (0.6) | 802 (0.1) |
| M |
1,096,850 (47.7) |
864,946 (80.4) |
63,781 (5.8) |
9,659 (0.9) |
1,079 (0.1) |
| Nationality | |||||
| Spain | 2,040,130 (88.8) | 1,726,192 (85.9) | 117,423 (5.8) | 14,864 (0.7) | 1,833 (0.1) |
| Africa | 69,086 (3.0) | 30,053 (44.8) | 5,161 (7.5) | 580 (0.8) | 13 (0.0) |
| Central & South America | 70,312 (3.1) | 40,287 (59.2) | 6,368 (9.1) | 740 (1.1) | 10 (0.0) |
| Asia & Oceania | 47,906 (2.1) | 21,888 (46.9) | 3,063 (6.4) | 443 (0.9) | 10 (0.0) |
| Eastern Europe | 34,803 (1.5) | 13,015 (38.4) | 1,674 (4.8) | 177 (0.5) | <5 |
| Western Europe & North America |
34,909 (1.5) |
20,926 (61.9) |
1,277 (3.7) |
117 (0.3) |
12 (0.0) |
| SDI quintile | |||||
| Q1 | 478,380 (20.8) | 397,672 (84.6) | 25,441 (5.3) | 2,748 (0.6) | 345 (0.1) |
| Q2 | 469,833 (20.5) | 387,994 (83.8) | 26,302 (5.6) | 3,123 (0.7) | 370 (0.1) |
| Q3 | 465,245 (20.3) | 378,990 (82.7) | 26,955 (5.8) | 3,393 (0.7) | 389 (0.1) |
| Q4 | 453,924 (19.8) | 364,672 (81.7) | 27,154 (6.0) | 3,604 (0.8) | 382 (0.1) |
| Q5 |
429,764 (18.7) |
323,033 (76.7) |
29,114 (6.8) |
4,053 (0.9) |
395 (0.1) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Asthma | 141,725 (6.2) | 118,256 (84.7) | 9,344 (6.6) | 1,373 (1.0) | 134 (0.1) |
| Autoimmune disease | 58,146 (2.5) | 50,527 (88.6) | 3,470 (6.0) | 607 (1.0) | 101 (0.2) |
| COPD | 119,845 (5.2) | 105,236 (91.4) | 6,497 (5.4) | 1,999 (1.7) | 403 (0.3) |
| Dementia | 30,223 (1.3) | 24,747 (92.7) | 2,082 (6.9) | 597 (2.0) | 314 (1.0) |
| Heart disease | 402,389 (17.5) | 353,597 (90.8) | 22,829 (5.7) | 5,696 (1.4) | 1,172 (0.3) |
| Hypertension | 775,420 (33.8) | 681,602 (90.0) | 43,425 (5.6) | 9,319 (1.2) | 1,498 (0.2) |
| Obesity | 515,509 (22.4) | 435,893 (85.9) | 34,914 (6.8) | 6,619 (1.3) | 626 (0.1) |
| Malignant neoplastic disease | 264,658 (11.5) | 233,327 (91.4) | 14,285 (5.4) | 3,165 (1.2) | 677 (0.3) |
| Renal impairment | 169,947 (7.4) | 149,516 (92.5) | 9,690 (5.7) | 3,131 (1.8) | 840 (0.5) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 288,188 (12.5) | 251,117 (89.7) | 17,689 (6.1) | 4,637 (1.6) | 758 (0.3) |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. Study population as of September 1, 2020, We noted characteristics overall and by vaccination, COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death status over follow-up period. Quintiles listed from least deprived (Q1) to most deprived (Q5). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; SDI, Socioeconomic Deprivation Index. †Among those with complete follow-up, n = 2,258,866.
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