TY - JOUR AU - Rogier, Eric AU - McCaffery, Jessica AU - Nace, Doug AU - Svigel, Samaly Souza AU - Assefa, Ashenafi AU - Hwang, Jimee AU - Kariuki, Simon AU - Samuels, Aaron AU - Westercamp, Nelli AU - Ratsimbasoa, Arsène AU - Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona AU - Uwimana, Aline AU - Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam AU - Halsey, Eric T1 - Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions from Persons with Symptomatic Malaria Infection in Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, and Rwanda T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2022 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 608 SN - 1080-6059 AB - Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)–based rapid diagnostic tests detect Plasmodium falciparum malaria and are used throughout sub-Saharan Africa. However, deletions in the pfhrp2 and related pfhrp3 (pfhrp2/3) genes threaten use of these tests. Therapeutic efficacy studies (TESs) enroll persons with symptomatic P. falciparum infection. We screened TES samples collected during 2016–2018 in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Madagascar for HRP2/3, pan-Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, and pan-Plasmodium aldolase antigen levels and selected samples with low levels of HRP2/3 for pfhrp2/3 genotyping. We observed deletion of pfhrp3 in samples from all countries except Kenya. Single-gene deletions in pfhrp2 were observed in 1.4% (95% CI 0.2%–4.8%) of Ethiopia samples and in 0.6% (95% CI 0.2%–1.6%) of Madagascar samples, and dual pfhrp2/3 deletions were noted in 2.0% (95% CI 0.4%–5.9%) of Ethiopia samples. Although this study was not powered for precise prevalence estimates, evaluating TES samples revealed a low prevalence of pfhrp2/3 deletions in most sites. KW - malaria KW - sub-Saharan Africa KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - pfhrp2 KW - pfhrp3 KW - gene deletion KW - rapid diagnostic tests KW - vector-borne infections KW - therapeutic efficacy studies KW - histidine-rich protein 2 KW - Ethiopia KW - Kenya KW - Madagascar KW - Rwanda DO - 10.3201/eid2803.211499 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/28/3/21-1499_article ER - End of Reference